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| 2. |
- Björklund, Svante, et al.
(author)
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Radar-Like Measurements with an Experimental Digital Beamforming Array Antenna
- 1998
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An experimental S-band digital beamforming receiving array antenna has been used in “radar- like” measurements, where radar signals with programmable waveforms are transmitted. The measurements are carried out in an anechoic chamber and the measured signals come from the direct path from transmitter antennas to the receiver antenna. In this way targets are simulated. On the received signals, conventional beamforming, pulse compression, doppler filtering and high resolution direction of arrival estimation are performed. Accurate channel calibration and channel equalization are utilized. This paper first describes the receiving antenna, transmitter control, measurement arrangements, calibration and signal processing. It then presents some measurement results for high resolution direction of arrival estimation and for radar resolution of one and two targets.
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| 3. |
- Hagell, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Sequential bilateral transplantation in Parkinson's disease: effects of the second graft
- 1999
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In: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2156. ; 122:6, s. 1121-1132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Five parkinsonian patients who had received implants of human embryonic mesencephalic tissue unilaterally in the striatum 10-56 months earlier were grafted with tissue from four to eight donors into the putamen (four patients) or the putamen plus the caudate nucleus (one patient) on the other side, and were followed for 18-24 months. After 12-18 months, PET showed a mean 85% increase in 6-L-[18F]fluorodopa uptake in the putamen with the second graft, whereas there was no significant further change in the previously transplanted putamen. Two patients exhibited marked additional improvements after their second graft: 'on-off' fluctuations virtually disappeared, movement speed increased, and L-dopa could be withdrawn in one patient and reduced by 70% in the other. The improvement in one patient was moderate. Two patients with atypical features, who responded poorly to the first graft, worsened following the second transplantation. These findings indicate that sequential transplantation in patients does not compromise the survival and function of either the first or the second graft. Moreover, putamen grafts that restore fluorodopa uptake to normal levels can give improvements of major therapeutic value.
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| 5. |
- Wenning, Gregor K, et al.
(author)
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Short- and long-term survival and function of unilateral intrastriatal dopaminergic grafts in Parkinson's disease
- 1997
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In: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 42:1, s. 95-107
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Six patients with Parkinson's disease were followed for 10 to 72 months after human embryonic mesencephalic tissue from four to seven donors was grafted unilaterally into the putamen (4 patients) or putamen plus caudate (2 patients). After 8 to 12 months, positron emission tomography showed a 68% increase of 6-L-[18F]-fluorodopa uptake in the grafted putamen, no change in the grafted caudate, and minor decreases in nongrafted striatal regions. There was therapeutically valuable improvement in 4 patients, but only modest changes in the other 2, both of whom developed atypical features. Patient 4 was without L-dopa from 32 months and had normal fluorodopa uptake in the grafted putamen at 72 months. Overall, the L-dopa dose was reduced by a mean of 10 and 20%, "off" time was reduced by 34 and 44%, and the "off" phase Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score by 18 and 26%, and the duration of the response to a single L-dopa dose increased by 45 and 58% during the first and second years after surgery, respectively. Rigidity and hypokinesia improved bilaterally, but mainly contralateral to the implant. No consistent changes in dyskinesias were observed. We conclude that transplantation of embryonic mesencephalic tissue leads to highly reproducible survival of dopaminergic neurons, inducing clinically valuable improvements in most recipients.
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