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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Britt, Rebecca C, et al.
(author)
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Intracorporeal suturing: Transfer from Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery to cadavers results in substantial increase in mental workload
- 2015
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In: Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0039-6060 .- 1532-7361. ; 158:5, s. 1428-1433
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:A spatial secondary task developed by the authors was used to measure the mental workload of the participant when transferring suturing skills from a box simulator to more realistic surgical conditions using a fresh cadaver. We hypothesized that laparoscopic suturing on genuine bowel would be more challenging than on the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS)-simulated bowel as reflected in differences on both suturing and secondary task scores.METHODS:We trained 14 surgical assistant students to FLS proficiency in intracorporeal suturing. Participants practiced suturing on the FLS box for 30 minutes and then were tested on both the FLS box and the bowel of a fresh cadaver using the spatial, secondary dual-task conditions developed by the authors.RESULTS:Suturing times increased by >333% when moving from the FLS platform to the cadaver F(1,13) = 44.04, P < .001. The increased completion times were accompanied by a 70% decrease in secondary task scores, F(1,13) = 21.21, P < .001.CONCLUSION:The mental workload associated with intracorporeal suturing increases dramatically when trainees transfer from the FLS platform to human tissue under more realistic conditions of suturing. The increase in mental workload is indexed by both an increase in suturing times and a decrease in the ability to attend to the secondary task.
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| 3. |
- Prytz, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Laparoscopic Skill and Mental Workload Measured over Retention Interval
- 2016
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In: Abstracts to be Presented at the 16th Annual International Meeting on Simulation in Healthcare: January 16th – 20th, 2016 San Diego, CA.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Methods: Fourteen students (3 males, 12 females; ages 23Y28 years) from EasternVirginiaMedical School’sMaster of Surgical Assisting Program participated in this IRBapproved study. Participants practiced the peg transfer task from the FLS curriculum ona box simulator for 20Y30 minutes over 9Y15 weekly sessions. Their course schedulerequired all students to stop training after the 15th week irrespective of their performancelevel. They returned after a 1-month interval to resume training. The dependentmeasure was task completion time. The secondary task presented images of four balls ina simulated tunnel, superimposed at 50% transparency over the laparoscopic display sothat both tasks were in focal vision. Images were presented for 300 msec every 2Y4 sec.On half of the presentations, one ball changed its position. Participants had to detectthose changes by pressing a foot pedal. The dependent variables were the proportion ofcorrectly identified targets and false alarms.Hypothesis: Performing laparoscopy places heavy demands on visual attention andrequires extensive practice to achieve proficiency. Recently, some researchers havemeasured the mental workload imposed by laparoscopy using the secondary tasktechnique.1,2 According to multiple resource theory, pools of attentional resources aredistinguished by perceptual/cognitive processing stages, verbal and spatial processingcodes, and sensory modality with the vision separated into focal and peripheralchannels.3 Thus, a secondary task that competes for the same resources as a primarytask will cause interference and can be sensitive to differences in mental workload. Inthis study,mental workload was assessed with a secondary task that uses the same visualspatial resources as laparoscopy.We studied effects of refraining from practice during a1-month interval. We expected to see a decline in performance after the delay, but ourgoal was to see if decline would be present in the workload measure.Results: Three sets of tests were performed: the data for the last two training trials (Nand N-1), the last training trial (N) and the initial retention test after the delay interval,and the initial retention test vs. a final test after 30 minutes of retraining (see Table 1).All means were evaluated with dependent t tests (alpha = .05). There were no differencesbetween the last two training trials on any measure. The peg task completiontimes were significantly longer on the initial test compared to the last training trial,t(13) = 2.36, p G .05. There were no differences between the initial and final test on anymeasure (p 9 .05).Conclusion: The results show minimal effects on the peg transfer task from the FLSprogram over a 1-month retention interval. Mean completion times were significantlylonger after the delay interval, but only by 6 seconds (or less than 10%). There were nosignificant differences on the secondary task. Thus, the slower performance times werenot accompanied by any appreciable changes in mental workload. These results showthat 9 Y 15 training sessions were sufficient to establish robust skills for the peg transfertask and that these skills were fairly resilient to a moderate disruption in the trainingschedule. Further, the secondary task used in this study was shown to provide an alternativeindex of laparoscopic workload that can complement traditional metrics ofspeed and accuracy. Future research is needed to examine disruption effects over awider range of laparoscopic tasks and longer intervals.
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| 4. |
- Scerbo, Mark, et al.
(author)
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The Effects of a retention interval and refresher session on intracorporeal suturing and knot tying skill and mental workload
- 2017
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In: Surgery. - : Mosby, Inc.. - 0039-6060 .- 1532-7361. ; 161:5, s. 1209-1214
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. The effects of refraining from practice for different intervals on laparoscopic suturing and mental workload was assessed with a secondary task developed by the authors. We expected the inability to practice to produce a decrease in performance on the suturing, knot tying, and secondary task and skills to rebound after a single refresher session.Methods. In total, 22 surgical assistant and premedical students trained to Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery proficiency in intracorporeal suturing and knot tying were assessed on that task using a secondary task. Participants refrained from practicing any Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery tasks for 1 or 5 months. At the time of their return, they were assessed immediately on suturing and knot tying with the secondary task, practiced suturing and knot tying for 40 minutes, and then were reassessed.Results. The mean suture times from the initial reassessment were greater than the proficiency times but returned to proficiency levels after one practice session, F(2, 40) = 14.5, P < .001, partial h2 = .420. Secondary task scores mirrored the results of suturing time, F(2, 40) = 6.128, P < .005, partial h2 = .235, and were moderated by retention interval.Conclusion. When participants who reached proficiency in suturing and knot tying were reassessed after either 1or 5 months without practice, their performance times increased by 35% and secondary task scores decreased by 30%. These deficits, however, were nearly reversed after a single refresher session.
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| 5. |
- Abolfathi, Bela, et al.
(author)
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The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
- 2018
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In: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 235:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014-2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V.
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| 6. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 8. |
- Lam, Matti, et al.
(author)
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Single cell analysis of autism patient with bi-allelic NRXN1-alpha deletion reveals skewed fate choice in neural progenitors and impaired neuronal functionality
- 2019
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In: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 383:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We generated human iPS derived neural stem cells and differentiated cells from healthy control individuals and an individual with autism spectrum disorder carrying bi-allelic NRXN1-alpha deletion. We investigated the expression of NRXN1-alpha during neural induction and neural differentiation and observed a pivotal role for NRXN1-alpha during early neural induction and neuronal differentiation. Single cell RNA-seq pinpointed neural stem cells carrying NRXN1-alpha deletion shifting towards radial glia-like cell identity and revealed higher proportion of differentiated astroglia. Furthermore, neuronal cells carrying NRXN1-alpha deletion were identified as immature by single cell RNA-seq analysis, displayed significant depression in calcium signaling activity and presented impaired maturation action potential profile in neurons investigated with electrophysiology. Our observations propose NRXN1-alpha plays an important role for the efficient establishment of neural stem cells, in neuronal differentiation and in maturation of functional excitatory neuronal cells.
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