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- Carlson, Stefan, 1965-
(author)
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High pressure structural investigations using single crystal techniques : influence of pressure on Jahn-Teller distorted alkali manganese fluorides
- 1998
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The results from high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of some ternary sodium transition metal fluorides are presented. The structures of NaMnF4, Na2MnF5, Na3MnF6 and Na3ScF6 have been investigated at high pressures, and in connection with these studies the Na5Mn3F14 structure has been investigated at ambient pressure. The compressibilities of these compounds are compared in terms of structural features such as atom packing, bulk moduli and Jahn-Teller effect. An introduction to high-pressure diffraction techniques using diamond anvil cells, DAC, is included.Bulk modulus data at pressures lower than 1 GPa show a much higher compressibility for NaMnF4 (B0 = 16 GPa) than for the other compounds (B0 = 46-56 GPa). A successively higher transition pressure for the collapse of the single crystals into polycrystalline specimens is observed in the series NaMnF4 (1.3 GPa), Na2MnF5 (3.0 GPa) and Na3MnF6 (4.0 GPa). This can be explained in terms of the different connectivity between corner-sharing MnF6 octahedra, since NaMnF4 contains two-dimensional layers of corner-connected octahedra, Na2MnF5 one-dimensional strings, and Na3MnF6 isolated octahedra.The transitions in the Mn3+-containing compounds (d4 ion) are shown to be dependent on structural changes due to the Jahn-Teller distortions of the MnF6 octahedra. Both X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic studies of Na3MnF6 show a reversible phase transition at 2.2 GPa, which implies a reorientation of the static prolate Jahn-Teller distortions of the co-ordination around Mn3+. The Na3ScF6 compound, containing Sc3+ (d0 ion), shows no such transitions. Preliminary investigations of NaMnF4, Na2MnF5 and Na3MnF6 by high-pressure powder techniques show that new polycrystalline phases are formed when the pressure is raised above that where the single crystals collapse.
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- Carlson, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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On the structure of Na5Mn3F14
- 1995
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In: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0044-2968. ; 210, s. 489-493
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The crystal structure of the sodium manganese(III) fluoride compound, Na5Mn3F14, has been reinvestigated. The previous structure model, assuming the non-centrosymmetric space group symmetryPna21, has been transformed to the centrosymmetric symmetryPnam. Least squares refinements, based on new collected single crystal X-ray diffraction data, converged smoothly with the new structural model and yielded anR-value of 0.022. The general structural features described earlier, as the structural relations to the chiolite structure, still applies. However, the changed space group symmetry introduces new symmetry constraints to e.g. some of the coordination polyhedra in the structure.
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- Elzouki, Abdul-Nasser, et al.
(author)
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Serine protease inhibitors in patients with chronic viral hepatitis
- 1997
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In: Journal of Hepatology. - 0168-8278. ; 27:1, s. 42-48
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to determine whether deficiency of the major serine protease inhibitors (alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) or alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT)) is associated with increased risk for chronic hepatitis B or C virus (HBV or HCV) infection. METHODS: We studied 709 adults with chronic liver disease who had undergone liver biopsy during the 14-year period 1978-92. Anti-HCV testing was carried out with second-generation ELISA and immunoblot assays (RIBA 2). HBV markers were tested with commercially available radioimmunoassays. ACT and AAT concentrations in plasma were measured with electroimmunoassay and immune nephelometry. Plasma samples were screened for the AAT PiZ deficiency with ELISA technique and phenotyped by isoelectric focusing. The 229Pro-->Ala mutation for ACT deficiency was identified by PCR techniques. RESULTS: Of the 709 patients, 132 (18.6%) were positive for anti-HCV according to RIBA 2. PiZ AAT deficiency was found in 44 (6.2%) of patients (one PiZZ, 38 PiMZ, and PiSZ), while subnormal ACT levels were found in 33 (4.6%) patients, frequencies that were higher than expected in the general population (p=0.0375 and p<0.0001, respectively). Of the PiZ-carriers, 8/44 (18%) were found to be anti-HCV positive according to RIBA 2, as compared to 123/662 (19%) non-PiZ-carriers (p>0.05). One of these patients had cirrhosis, four chronic active hepatitis, and three chronic persistent hepatitis. In contrast, 17/33 (51.5%) of the patients with subnormal ACT were anti-HCV positive (OR=5.2, CI=2.6-10.6; p<0.0001). No relationship was found between HBV infection and AAT deficiency or subnormal ACT levels. Only one patient with subnormal ACT levels was heterozygous for the 229Pro-->Ala mutation of ACT deficiency. There was no significant difference in the histological findings when the patients with subnormal ACT levels or PiZ allele were subgrouped according to HCV status. CONCLUSIONS: There is no overrepresentation of chronic HBV or HCV in heterozygous AAT deficiency, although an association with more severe liver disease in such patients cannot be excluded. In contrast, low plasma levels of ACT that may be acquired or hereditary, due to mutations other than 229Pro-->Ala, are frequent in HCV infection.
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