| 1. |
- Hassellöv, Martin, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Marint mikroskopiskt skräp längs Bohuskusten 2015 - i jämförelse med tidigare studier 2013 och 2014
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Prover för mikroskopiskt skräp togs i november 2015 på 14 lokaler längs västkusten på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen i Västra Götalands län och rapporteras här i detalj tillsammans med jämförelser från tidigare provtagningstillfällen (december 2013, april 2014 och december 2014) på samma lokaler. Syftet har varit att mäta halter och karaktärisera mikroskopiskt skräp samt undersöka lämpliga metodval för eventuella framtida övervakningsprogram. •Halter och karaktär av mikroskräp varierade stort beroende på vilken provtagnings- och filtreringsmetod som användes. Undersökningen 2015noterade ca 100 000 gånger högre halter av mikroskräpspartiklar frånytvattenprover på ett filter med storlek 10 μm (0,01 mm) jämfört med 300μm (0,3 mm) siktduk som användes vid trålning i havsytan. •Antalet antropogena (av mänskligt ursprung) partiklar som fastnade på 300μm filter varierade från ca. 0.1 till ca. 10 partiklar/m3 havsvatten oTill skillnad från tidigare provtagningar med 300μm som utförtsmed pump strax under havsytan så gav detta års trålprovtagning ejlika dominerande inslag av fibrer, utan plastpartiklar och fibreråterfanns i jämförbar förekomst. oHalterna 2015 var i samma storleksordning som tidigarerapporterats för svenska kustvatten. Dock hade fördelningen mellanplastpartiklar och syntetiska fibrer förskjutits mot plastpartiklarvilket kan förklaras mot systematiska skillnader i tidigareprovtagningsmetodik. •I proverna som togs med 10 μm filter återfanns i genomsnitt ca. 38mikroskräpspartiklar per liter (exkl. svarta och röda) vilket var en vissökning från tidigare provtagningar (18/l dec 2013 och april 2014 samt 9/ldec 2014). oEn högre förekomst av röda partiklar (58 partiklar/liter) uppmättes.Kemiska analyser visade dock att flertalet av de röda partiklarnabestod av järnoxider; dvs ej nödvändigtvis dominerat av partiklarfrån båtbottenfärg som tidigare antagits. Endast en mindre andelröda partiklar kan härröra från polymert ursprung. Därmed har rödapartiklar inte räknats in i samlingsbegreppet mikroskräp. oHalterna av potentiella förbränningspartiklar på 10 μm filter varmycket höga i Göteborgsområdet, Stenungsund samt Brofjorden.Genomsnittligt antal i Göteborgsområdet var ca. 3000 partiklar perliter. Medelhalten för alla stationer var cirka 1800 partiklar per liter. oSyntetfibrer och naturfibrer förekom i högst halter i Danafjord,Åstol, Galterön och Stretudden vilket troligtvis kan härledas tillutsläpp från avloppsreningsverk i närheten till provtagningspunkterna. • Resultaten pekar såväl i år som tidigare år på att stadsmiljön är en viktig källa till marint mikroskopiskt skräp. Källor kan vara från kommunala avlopp, dagvatten från vägar och stadsytor, industrier samt olika former av förbränning. • Förekomst av mikroskopiska skräppartiklar undersöktes i utgående vatten från fyra kommunala avloppsreningsverk (ARV): Uddevalla, Strömstad, Stenungsund och Skärhamn. För undersökningen kunde följande noteras; o Antalet uppmätta mikroskräppartiklar uppgick till mellan ca 10 och 80 partiklar per kubikmeter utgående vatten, med lägst antal partiklar i Skansverket (Uddevalla) och mest partiklar i Stenungsund. Dagarna innan provtagning i Stenungsund hade det regnat kraftigt vilket kan påverka resultatet. o Halterna var väsentligt lägre än de flesta tidigare mätningar avseende partiklar och syntetiska fibrer och kraftigt lägre avseende på ickesyntetiska fibrer. Största andelen (över 50% i vissa fall) av partiklarna bestod av fibrer (syntetiska och icke syntetiska), men det ska noteras att filter med storlek 300 μm förmodligen underskattar fiberhalten väsentligt
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| 2. |
- Aaro Jonsson, Catherine C., et al.
(author)
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Variability in quality of life 13 years after traumatic brain injury in childhood
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0342-5282 .- 1473-5660. ; 37:4, s. 317-322
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the aim of describing variability in the long-term outcome of quality of life after neurosurgically treated pediatric traumatic brain injury, mostly self-reports of 21 individuals with mild or moderate/severe injury were gathered using Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory in telephone interviews 13 years aftyer injury. A majority of the participants reported brain injury-related problems. The median outcome on Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory was mild to moderate limitations. The variation within the moderate/severe group varied between relatively good outcome and moderate/severe limitations. Concentration, irritability, fatigue, and transportation were reported as the most problematic areas, whereas self-care was reported as well functioning. Societal participation appeared to be the best functional domain in this Swedish study. Examples of individual reports of the life-situation at various outcome levels were provided. Variability in outcome is large within severity groups, and research may gain by addressing both outcomes of the individuals and groups. Objective questions of outcome should be accompanied by questions of actual functioning in everyday life. To ensure long-term support for quality of life for those with remaining dysfunction after pediatric traumatic brain injury, healthcare systems should implement systematic routines for referral to rehabilitation and support.
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| 3. |
- Arutselvan, Kuralamudhan, et al.
(author)
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Assistive Autonomous Ground Vehicles in Smart Grid
- 2015
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In: SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES (ICSGT- 2015). - : Elsevier. ; , s. 232-239
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGVs) are nominated for a wide range of applications in smart cities. This paper studies and simulates the potential field algorithm used for path planning of such AGVs to extend there application for automation and control of smart grids. Different sensors are studied and implemented in the algorithm to help the AGV navigate from an initial position to a goal by avoiding any obstacles in its path. A solution is analyzed and simulated for the problem of AGVs getting trapped in local minima. A new application for the AGVs as assistance in smart grid is also discussed. A real implementation of the project has also been done at the KTH Smart Mobility Lab, Sweden using the Nexus robots and the algorithm was implemented successfully.
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| 5. |
- Bertling, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Environmental effects of zinc runoff from roofing materials : a new multidisciplinary approach
- 2002
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In: Outdoor Atmospheric Corrosion. - 0803128967 ; , s. 200-215
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this work is to study changes in concentration and bioavailability of zinc-containing runoff water, released from roofing materials, upon passage through soil. The experimental approach is based on simulating the interaction between zinc in artificial runoff water and soil in a column system. The total zinc concentration of runoff was substantially reduced when passing through the soil and suggests marked zinc retention, During a constant flow and supply of zinc into the soil, equivalent to three and a half years of precipitation in Stockholm, a zinc retention capacity of approximately 99% was recorded, Not only the total concentration, but also the bio-available portion of the total zinc concentration was reduced after passage through soil, Most of the retained zinc was located in top 3 cm of the soil core and suggests the total capacity for zinc retention of the investigated soil to be about 140 years per kilogram soil in an isolated system in real systems, changes of temperature, pH, microbial activity, weathering of minerals and deposition of new organic material must be considered. The results form part of the effect assessment, preceding future risk assessment of the environmental effects of dispersed zinc.
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| 6. |
- Bruhn, Tommy, et al.
(author)
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Den anklagade tittaren : Strategiskt publiktilltal i satiriska anklagelser
- 2021
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In: Rhetorica Scandinavica. - 1397-0534.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Offentliga anklagelser leder ofta till kontrovers. Anklagelser har studerats utifrån hur de ger upphov till vissa typer av försvar, liksom hur en anklagande part kan övertyga om skuld och förstärka uppfattningen om anstötligheten i en handling. Vi undersöker ett satirprogram som strategisk handling, med särskilt fokus på hur dess anklagelses retoriska struktur strategiskt möjliggör vissa gensvar och motverkar andra. Vi visar hur ett inslag i nyhetssatirprogrammet Svenska nyheter konstruerade en komplex anklagelse mot det svenska friskolekösystemet, och mot karaktären hos den utbildade medelklass som främst använder systemet. Inslagets konstruktion placerar den anklagade medelklassen som adresserad publik i tre olika subjektspositioner, och relationen dem emellan motiverar botgöring snarare än försvar. Analysen visar hur en växlande positionering av samma grupp som domare, offer och anklagad kan fylla särskilda funktioner i anklagelser som anger vägar till upprättelse och öppningar för försoning.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Noomi
(author)
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A Zero-vision for Children’s Tobacco Smoke Exposure : Tobacco prevention in Child Health Care
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Adverse health effects in children caused by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are well known. Children are primarily exposed by their parents’ smoking in their homes. A comprehensive evidence base shows that parental smoking during pregnancy and ETS exposure in early childhood are associated with an increased risk for a range of adverse health problems. Child Health Care nurses, who meet nearly all families in Sweden with children aged 0-6 years, have thus an important role in tobacco preventive work in order to support parents in their ambitions to protect their children from ETS exposure.The overall aim of this thesis was to develop, test and evaluate a new model for tobacco preventive work in Child Health Care (CHC) with special focus on areas with a high prevalence of parental smoking. In a first step CHC nurses’ and parents’ views on tobacco preventive work were analysed in two studies based on questionnaires.The intervention was performed during the second step, based on the results from nurses’ and parents’ experience of the tobacco preventive work in CHC, and with methods from Quality Improvement. An “intervention bundle” was developed which included evidence based methods for prevention of ETS exposure, and four learning sessions for the nurses. The instrument “Smoking in Children’s Environment Test” (SiCET) included in the bundle was evaluated with focus group interviews with the CHC nurses who participated in the intervention. Two urine samples were analysed to measure cotinine levels in children which provide an estimate for ETS exposure. Parents’ answers from the SiCET questionnaire, measurements of cotinine, and data from the nurses’ log-books were used in the evaluation of the effects of the intervention. In areas with a high prevalence of parental smoking 22 nurses recruited 86 families of whom 72 took part for the entire one-year period of the intervention.The results showed that parents wanted to have information on the harmful effects tobacco smoke have on their children and how they can protect their children from ETS exposure. The nurses saw tobacco preventive work as important but they experienced difficulties to reach certain groups such as fathers, foreign-born parents, and those who are socio-economically disadvantaged. The SiCET instrument provided a basis for dialogue with parents. The main results from the intervention showed that ten parents (11%) quit smoking, thirty-two families (44%) decreased their cigarette consumption in the home, and fewer children were exposed to tobacco smoke. Consequently, more children showed levels of urinary cotinine less than 6 ng/ml (base-line n=43, follow up n=54; p=0.05). The total number of outdoor smokers did not change. Seven of the nurses (30%) had successful results in their areas with a decrease of smokers in families with a child of 8 months, from 20% in 2009 to 12% in 2011. The corresponding figures for the whole county as well as the country did not decrease during the same period.The sustainability of the intervention has to be followed and thus measures should be followed prospectively over time. The SiCET instrument was found useful and might be applicable in other arenas where children’s ETS exposure is discussed. The development of an instant cotinine test using dipsticks would make it possible to give parents immediate feedback on the effectiveness of taken protective actions. This could work as a pedagogic resource in the dialogue with parents.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Nils, et al.
(author)
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Lethal and non-lethal effects of multiple indigenous predators on the invasive golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata)
- 2004
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In: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 49:10, s. 1269-1279
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1. We investigated the individual and combined effects of two predators (the climbing perch, Anabas testudineus, and the wetland crab, Esanthelphusa nimoafi) indigenous to wetlands in Laos, on the behaviour and survival of the invasive South American golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata). The snail is considered a pest, consuming large amounts of rice and other aquatic vegetation in the region. 2. Snail avoidance reactions to released predator chemical cues were investigated in aquaria while the effects of predators on a mixed snail population were studied in field enclosures that contained native aquatic plants (Salvinia cucullata, Ludwigia adscendens and Ipomoea aquatica). 3. In the aquaria experiment, neonate (2-3 mm) and medium-sized snails (8-10 mm) responded to fish chemical cues by going to the surface, whereas adult snails (35-40 mm) went to the bottom. In contrast, no size class of snails reacted to chemical cues released by crabs. 4. In the field experiment, fish reduced the abundance of neonate snails, and crabs reduced the abundance of all size classes. The effect of the combined predators could not be predicted from the mortality rate observed in single predator treatments. The survival of neonate and medium-sized snails was greater and of adults less than expected. The presence of predators did not affect egg production. Snails consumed significant amounts of plants despite the presence of predators. 5. Our findings suggest that some indigenous Asian predators have lethal and sublethal effects on P. canaliculata that depend on snail size and predator type. When in the presence of several predators the response of snails to one predator may either increase or decrease the vulnerability of snails to the others.
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| 9. |
- Gonzalez-Calvo, Gustavo, et al.
(author)
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Body image(s) : Problematizing future physical education teachers' beliefs about the body and physical activity through visual imagery
- 2022
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In: European Physical Education Review. - : Sage Publications. - 1356-336X .- 1741-2749. ; 28:2, s. 552-572
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Visual culture affects the way people understand the world and themselves, contributing to the creation of certain roles and stereotypes, some of which are related to body image. This study focused on interrogating future physical education teachers' beliefs about the body and physical activity to understand the construction of bodily subjectivities and their perceptions of how these are influenced by visual (physical) culture. Data were collected through the use of visual methods consisting of photo-elicitation and individual interviews with 23 students from a Primary Education Degree with a specialization in physical education at a Spanish university. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The results of the study show that these future physical education teachers are aware of both the great influence of gender stereotypes and the values of consumerism in the field of physical activity stemming largely from the media, which inevitably will shape their future professional practice. However, the results also highlight how these future physical education teachers consider and position the subject of physical education as an important space where they could help students problematize and challenge these beliefs. We suggest that a focus on visual (physical) literacy is needed for future physical education teachers (and their students) to understand the world from a socially critical perspective and transform it in the interest of equity and social justice.
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| 10. |
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