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- Bartesaghi, Stefano, et al.
(author)
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Thermogenic Activity of UCP1 in Human White Fat-Derived Beige Adipocytes.
- 2015
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In: Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.). - : The Endocrine Society. - 1944-9917 .- 0888-8809. ; 29, s. 130-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Heat-producing beige/brite (brown-in-white) adipocytes in white adipose tissue have the potential to suppress metabolic disease in mice and hold great promise for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. Here, we demonstrate that human adipose-derived stromal/progenitor cells (hASCs) from sc white adipose tissue can be efficiently converted into beige adipocytes. Upon pharmacological activation of PPARγ, hASC-derived adipocytes activated beige fat-selective genes and a brown/beige fat-selective electron transport chain gene program. Importantly, hASC-derived beige fat cells displayed the bioenergetic characteristics of genuine brown fat cells, including a capacity for increased respiratory uncoupling in response to β-adrenergic agonists. Furthermore, knock-down experiments reveal that the thermogenic capacity of human beige fat cells was entirely dependent on the presence of uncoupling protein 1. In summary, this study reveals that hASCs can be readily differentiated into beige adipocytes that, upon activation, undergo uncoupling protein 1-dependent thermogenesis.
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| 4. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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In: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 5. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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- Berman, Sara E, et al.
(author)
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Intracranial Arterial 4D Flow in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment is Associated with Cognitive Performance and Amyloid Positivity.
- 2017
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In: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1875-8908. ; 60:1, s. 243-252
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is becoming increasingly recognized that cerebrovascular disease is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A unique 4D-Flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, phase contrast vastly undersampled isotropic projection imaging (PC VIPR), enables examination of angiographic and quantitative metrics of blood flow in the arteries of the Circle of Willis within a single MRI acquisition. Thirty-eight participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) underwent a comprehensive neuroimaging protocol (including 4D-Flow imaging) and a standard neuropsychological battery. A subset of participants (n=22) also underwent lumbar puncture and had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assayed for AD biomarkers. Cut-offs for biomarker positivity in CSF resulting from a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of AD cases and controls from the larger Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center cohort were used to classify MCI participants as biomarker positive or negative on amyloid-β (Aβ42), total-tau and total-tau/Aβ42 ratio. Internal carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean flow were associated with executive functioning performance, with lower mean flow corresponding to worse performance. MCI participants who were biomarker positive for Aβ42 had lower ICA mean flow than did those who were Aβ42 negative. In sum, mean ICA and MCA arterial flow was associated with cognitive performance in participants with MCI and lower flow in the ICA was associated with amyloid positivity. This provides further evidence for vascular health as a contributing factor in the etiopathogenesis of AD, and could represent a point to intervene in the disease process.
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| 7. |
- Berman, Sara E, et al.
(author)
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Intracranial Arterial 4D-Flow is Associated with Metrics of Brain Health and Alzheimer's Disease.
- 2015
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In: Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands). - : Wiley. - 2352-8729. ; 1:4, s. 420-428
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While cerebrovascular disease has long been known to co-occur with Alzheimer's disease (AD), recent studies suggest an etiologic contribution to AD pathogenesis. We used 4D-Flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate blood flow and pulsatility indices in the Circle of Willis. We hypothesized decreased mean blood flow and increased pulsatility, metrics indicative of poor vascular health, would be associated with cerebral atrophy and an AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Jörg, et al.
(author)
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A two-peaked increase of serum myosin heavy chain-α after full distance triathlon demonstrates heart muscle cell death
- 2017
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In: Clinical Research in Cardiology. - : Springer. - 1861-0684 .- 1861-0692. ; 106:Suppl 1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: There is an ongoing debate about the significance of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) elevation after strenuous exercise: heart muscle cell death versus physiologic mechanism of release through an intact cell membrane. While cTnT is a small molecule (37 kDa), cardiac specific myosin heavy chain-alpha (MHC-α) is much larger (224 kDa) and an increase after exercise could hardly be explained by passage through an intact cardiac cell membrane. PURPOSE: To measure MHC-α, and other biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP); cTnT, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (MG), creatinine (C), and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) before and after a full distance Ironman in order to answer the question of heart muscle cell death versus physiologic changes. Methods: In 52 non-elite athletes (14 female, 38 male; age 41.1 ± 9.7, range 24-70 years; all completed the race) biomarkers were measured by standard laboratory methods 7 days before, directly after, and day 1, 4 and 6 after the race. MHC-α was measured with a commercially available ELISA with no cross reactivity with other myosins. Results: The course of MHC-α concentration [µg/L] was 1.33 ± 0.53 (before), 2.57 ± 0.78 (directly after), 1.51 ± 0.53 (day 1), 2.74 ± 0.55 (day 4) and 1.83 ± 0.76 (day 6). Other biomarkers showed a one-peaked increase with maximal values either directly after the race or at day 1: cTnT 76 ± 80 ng/L (12-440; reference <15), NT-proBNP 776 ± 684 ng/L (92-4700; ref. < 300), CK 68 ± 55 µkat/L (5-280; ref. < 1.9), MG 2088 ± 2350 µg/L (130-17000; ref.< 72), and creatinine 100 ± 20 µmol/L (74-161; ref. < 100), CRP 49 ± 23 mg/L (15-119; ref.< 5). There was a significant correlation between MHC-α and NT-proBNP (R=0.48; p<0.001) but neither between MHC-α and cTnT (R=0.13; p=0.36) nor MHC-α and myoglobin (R=0.18; p=0.2). Conclusion: An Ironman leads to remarkable disturbances in biomarkers as e.g. cTnT was in the range of myocardial infarction in 100% of women and 97% of men. This is to our best knowledge the first investigation of MHC-α after strenuous exercise and its two-peaked increase most likely represents first release from the cytosolic pool and later from cell necrosis including the contractile apparatus. However, many questions remain, not at least why MHC-α baseline levels are as high as 1.33 ± 0.53 µg/L.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Jörg, et al.
(author)
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Echocardiographic Findings and Cardiac Biomarkers in Non-Elite Triathletes – Data from the Kalmar Ironwoman Study
- 2018
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: There is an ongoing debate about the impact of endurance exercise on cardiovascular health. Not at least data on cardiac biomarker changes (e.g. troponin T (cTnT), N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac specific myosin heavy chain-alpha (MHC-α) have raised questions about exercise related cardiac injury. METHODS: In 52 non-elite athletes (14 female, 38 male; age 41.1 ± 9.7, range 24-70 years; all completed the race) biomarkers were measured by standard laboratory methods 7 days before, directly after, and day 1, 4 and 6 after a full Ironman distance triathlon (Swim 3.9 km, Bike 180 km, Run 42.2 km) . In 19 of these athletes (9 female, 10 male) echocardiography with 30 different standard measurements was performed before and directly after the race. RESULTS: Only MHC-α [µg/L] showed a two-peaked increase directly after (2.57 ± 0.78) and on day 4 (2.74 ± 0.55). Other biomarkers showed a one-peaked increase with maximal values either directly after the race or at day 1: cTnT 76 ± 80 ng/L (12-440; reference <15), NT-proBNP 776 ± 684 ng/L (92-4700; ref. < 300), CK 68 ± 55 µkat/L (5-280; ref. < 1.9), MG 2088 ± 2350 µg/L (130-17000; ref.< 72), and creatinine 100 ± 20 µmol/L (74-161; ref. < 100), CRP 49 ± 23 mg/L (15-119; ref.< 5). No significant echocardiographic changes were recorded. E.g. left ventricular end diastolic diameter (49.0 ± 4.7 mm before, 47.7 ± 5.0 mm after the race, right ventricular end diastolic diameter (34.3 ± 4.3 mm before, 33.3 ± 5.7 mm after the race), right atrial area (17.5 ± 2.9 cm2 before, 17.7 ± 3.6 cm2 after the race) and left atrial area (18.8 ± 3.7 cm2 before, 17.8 ± 2.2 cm2 after the race) did not show any significant acute changes. CONCLUSION: While an Ironman leads to remarkable disturbances in biomarkers as e.g. cTnT after the race was in the range of myocardial infarction in 100% of women and 97% of men, these alterations were not correlated to any acute echocardiographic changes in heart size or function. However, the significance of biochemical evidence of cardiac injury on long-term heart function and cardiovascular health remains unclear.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Jörg, et al.
(author)
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Hjärtmarkörer ökar efter intensiv motion - oklar klinisk betydelse : Data från förstudie av Kalmar IronWoman-studien visar på troponin T-värden som vid hjärtinfarkt
- 2016
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In: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 113:31-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biochemical changes after strenuous exercise - data from the Kalmar IronmanStrenuous and prolonged exercise like marathon, ultra running and triathlon can lead to changes in biomarkers of cardiac, muscle and kidney functional damage. We present the data of 30 (15 men, 15 women) participants of the Kalmar Ironman 2015. Pre-race electrocardiograms and echocardiograms showed a high frequency of abnormalities. Post race elevations of troponin T, creatine kinase, myoglobin, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, and creatinine returned to normal in almost all cases within 5-8 days. In all but one participant the troponin T pattern was compatible with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. It is an up-to-date unanswered question whether the increase of troponin represents myocardial damage or just is a benign consequence of an intermittent change of the permeability of myocardial cell membranes.
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