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- Berntorp, Erik, et al.
(author)
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A prospective registry of European haemophilia B patients receiving nonacog alfa, recombinant human factor IX, for usual use.
- 2012
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In: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216. ; 18:4, s. 503-509
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Summary. Nonacog alfa, a recombinant factor IX (FIX) used for the treatment of haemophilia B, was approved in Europe in 1998. In accordance with European Medicines Agency requirements, a registry study was conducted from 2002 to 2009. A reformulated iso-osmotic version was approved for European use in 2007. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety of nonacog alfa in a usual care setting, and provide clinical trial and postmarketing surveillance data support. This open-label, non-interventional, prospective observational cohort study (registry) comprised 52 sites in nine European countries. Patients with haemophilia B receiving nonacog alfa in either formulation for prevention or treatment were followed on a usual care schedule. A total of 218 patients were enrolled, of whom 66 (30.3%) were <18 years of age. Haemophilia severity was evenly distributed, with baseline FIX activity of <1%, 1-5% and >5% in 33.3%, 36.6% and 30.1% of patients, respectively. One hundred thirty-eight patients received the original formulation alone; 80 switched to or received only the new formulation. There was a low incidence of events of special interest (ESIs), with less-than-expected therapeutic effect in five patients (2.2%), inhibitor development in two (0.9%), thrombosis in one (0.5%) and allergic events in eight (3.7%). These accounted for the majority of the 15 serious AEs reported in six patients. Six patients discontinued because of AEs, primarily related to hypersensitivity. Nonacog alfa was shown to be safe for the treatment of haemophilia B, with a low incidence of serious AEs and ESIs.
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| 2. |
- Lindblad, Sverker, et al.
(author)
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Classroom Interaction in Changing Contexts : Positions and Practices Performed in Recordings from 1960s into 2000s
- 2011
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Firstly, for educational research and curriculum theory it is of vital importance to find ways to describe and analyze pedagogical processes over time and space. This is carried out here – over four decades and in specific and changing contexts, questioning the thesis of the persistence of recitation and the predominance of basic IRE-sequences. Second, relations between classroom interaction and social and organizational context is vital in curriculum theory and in educational theorizing. Classroom interaction is here conceptualized as a “social fact demanding historicization”. Given a communicative turn in understanding interaction we argue for a position of “contingent autonomy” of importance when designing studies of curriculum enactment and pedagogical devices opening up for more specific analyses. Thirdly, our study is based on the specific settings for classroom interaction presented as a Nordic welfare state education in transition, but point to the general importance of theorizing educational processes as changing social facts with their own qualities – of societal as well as political ingredients – giving new insights for curriculum theory as well as for educational policy analysis. Fourthly, we have highlighted the importance of reflexivity in research and in the construction of research objects as part of a communicative turn in education. This is also assumed to increase a socially robust communication of research in society.
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| 3. |
- Lundström, Sebastian, et al.
(author)
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Trajectories leading to autism spectrum disorders are affected by paternal age: findings from two nationally representative twin studies.
- 2010
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In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. - : Wiley. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 51:7, s. 850-856
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Despite extensive efforts, the causes of autism remain unknown. Advancing paternal age has been associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders. We aim to investigate three unresolved questions: (a) What is the association between paternal age and autism spectrum disorders (ASD)?; (b) Does paternal age moderate the genetic and environmental etiological factors for ASD? (c) Does paternal age affect normal variation in autistic-like traits? Methods: Two nationally representative twin studies from Sweden (n = 11, 122, assessed at age 9 or 12) and the UK (n = 13, 524, assessed at age 9) were used. Categorical and continuous measures of ASD, autistic-like traits and autistic similarity were calculated and compared over paternal age categories. Results: Both cohorts showed a strong association between paternal age and the risk for ASD. A U-shaped risk association could be discerned since the offspring of both the youngest and oldest fathers showed an elevation in the risk for ASD. Autistic similarity increased with advancing paternal age in both monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Both cohorts showed significantly higher autistic-like traits in the offspring of the youngest and oldest fathers. Conclusions: Phenomena associated with paternal age are clearly involved in the trajectories leading to autistic-like traits and ASD. Mechanisms influencing the trajectories might differ between older and younger fathers. Molecular genetic studies are now needed in order to further understand the association between paternal age and ASD, as well as normal variation in social, language, and repetitive behaviors in the general population.
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| 5. |
- Babaev, Egor, et al.
(author)
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Type-1.5 superconductivity in multiband systems : Magnetic response, broken symmetries and microscopic theory - A brief overview
- 2012
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In: Physica. C, Superconductivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-4534 .- 1873-2143. ; 479, s. 2-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A conventional superconductor is described by a single complex order parameter field which has two fundamental length scales, the magnetic field penetration depth lambda and the coherence length xi. Their ratio kappa determines the response of a superconductor to an external field, sorting them into two categories as follows; type-I when kappa < 1/root 2 and type-II when kappa > 1/root 2. We overview here multicomponent systems which can possess three or more fundamental length scales and allow a separate "type-1.5" superconducting state when, e. g. in two-component case xi(1) < root 2 lambda < xi(2). In that state, as a consequence of the extra fundamental length scale, vortices attract one another at long range but repel at shorter ranges. As a consequence the system should form an additional Semi-Meissner state which properties we discuss below. In that state vortices form clusters in low magnetic fields. Inside the cluster one of the component is depleted and the superconductor-to-normal interface has negative energy. In contrast the current in second component is mostly concentrated on the cluster's boundary, making the energy of this interface positive. Here we briefly overview recent developments in Ginzburg-Landau and microscopic descriptions of this state.
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| 6. |
- Carlström, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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L-arginine or tempol supplementation improves renal and cardiovascular function in rats with reduced renal mass and chronic high salt intake
- 2013
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In: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 207:4, s. 732-741
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim Early life reduction in nephron number and chronic high salt intake cause development of renal and cardiovascular disease, which has been associated with oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) deficiency. We investigated the hypothesis that interventions stimulating NO signalling or reducing oxidative stress may restore renal autoregulation, attenuate hypertension and reduce renal and cardiovascular injuries following reduction in renal mass and chronic high salt intake. Methods Male SpragueDawley rats were uninephrectomized (UNX) or sham-operated at 3weeks of age and given either a normal-salt (NS) or high-salt (HS) diet. Effects on renal and cardiovascular functions were assessed in rats supplemented with substrate for NO synthase (L-Arg) or a superoxide dismutase mimetic (Tempol). Results Rats with UNX+HS developed hypertension and displayed increased renal NADPH oxidase activity, elevated levels of oxidative stress markers in plasma and urine, and reduced cGMP in plasma. Histological analysis showed signs of cardiac and renal inflammation and fibrosis. These changes were linked with abnormal renal autoregulation, measured as a stronger tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response. Simultaneous treatment with L-Arg or Tempol restored cGMP levels in plasma and increased markers of NO signalling in the kidney. This was associated with normalized TGF responses, attenuated hypertension and reduced signs of histopathological changes in the kidney and in the heart. Conclusion Reduction in nephron number during early life followed by chronic HS intake is associated with oxidative stress, impaired renal autoregulation and development of hypertension. Treatment strategies that increase NO bioavailability, or reduce levels of reactive oxygen species, were proven beneficial in this model of renal and cardiovascular disease.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Fahlén, M, et al.
(author)
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Megestrol acetate may stimulate the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 in breast tissues of women with breast cancer
- 2013
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In: Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1868-1891 .- 1868-1883. ; 13:3, s. 51-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In women with breast cancer who were treated with either continuous tamoxifen alone or sequential tamoxifen followed by megestrol acetate (MA), we demonstrated significant positive associations between the breast tumor estrogen receptor (ER) and an increase in serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) during tamoxifen treatment. We interpreted this as “ER uniformity” in different tissues, e.g., breast, liver. No other associations with ER were found. In the same study, the breast tumor progesterone receptor (PR) was determined. Our aim was to see if there were any associations between PR and endocrine changes during MA treatment.The breast tumor PR before treatment and serum insulin-like growth factor I (∂IGF-1), steroids, steroid-binding proteins, and insulin before and during treatment were measured in 17 postmenopausal women with breast cancer who were treated sequentially with tamoxifen 40 mg/day followed by MA 160 mg/day in alternating 3-month periods.During MA treatment periods, the levels of IGF-1 and insulin increased significantly, whereas the levels of androgens, SHBG, corticosteroid-binding globulin, and cortisol decreased significantly. Significant positive correlations were found between the PR content and increments in ∂IGF-1 but not between PR and any other endocrine change.PR expression in human liver is very weak, but malignant and normal breast tissues secrete considerable amounts of growth hormone and IGF-1 in vitro and in vivo. This activity is stimulated by progestogens. The association between PR and ∂IGF-1 may therefore reflect a direct PR-mediated action of MA on malignant and normal human breast tissues in vivo.
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| 10. |
- Lindblad, Sverker, et al.
(author)
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Classroom Interaction in Changing Contexts : Positions and Practices Performed in Recordings from 1960s into 2000s
- 2011
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- At the core of education as institutionalized pedagogical practices is classroom interaction. Here we find sites for teaching and learning activities, the making of lived curricula as well displays of social and cultural asymmetries. Given this it is not surprising that a set of research paradigms and research controversies are presented in education research – as presented by e.g. Bellack (1978), Mehan (1979), Macbeth (2003), Gee (2004), or Lindblad & Sahlström (2002). In this paper we go into studies of classroom interaction with a micro-ethnographic stance using video- and audio recordings of teaching processes in different contexts spanning over a period of forty years. We are using this time span in order to discuss ways of describing and analysing pedagogical processes, where notions of context is vital. Our point of departure is based on curriculum theorizing using a Bernstein (e.g. 2000) approach based on relations between curriculum, pedagogy and evaluation. Given this, we put the pedagogical practices into social contexts (such as framing and classification). This does not mean that classroom practices are instantiations of “a higher order” but rather that these practices are matters of institutional work permeated by social facts. Here, we are eclectic: we use the seminal work of Mehan (1979) to describe classroom interaction with a basis in IRE-sequences (Initiation-Reply-Evaluation) as characteristic in the language of schooling. With this as a basis we describe and compare classroom interaction in different contexts. This is regarded as a way to describe aspects of pedagogy in a Bernsteinian meaning and to analyze change in classroom interaction.
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