| 1. |
- Kullgren, Jolla, et al.
(author)
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B3LYP calculations of cerium oxides
- 2010
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In: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 132:5, s. 054110-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we evaluate the performance of density functional theory with the B3LYP functional for calculations on ceria (CeO2) and cerium sesquioxide (Ce2O3). We demonstrate that B3LYP is able to describe CeO2 and Ce2O3 reasonably well. When compared to other functionals, B3LYP performs slightly better than the hybrid functional PBE0 for the electronic properties but slightly worse for the structural properties, although neither performs as well as LDA+U(U = 6 eV) or PBE+U(U = 5 eV). We also make an extensive comparison of atomic basis sets suitable for periodic calculations of these cerium oxides. Here we conclude that there is currently only one type of cerium basis set available in the literature that is able to give a reasonable description of the electronic structure of both CeO2 and Ce2O3. These basis sets are based on a 28 electron effective core potential (ECP) and 30 electrons are attributed to the valence space of cerium. Basis sets based on 46 electron ECPs fail for these materials
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| 2. |
- Kullgren, Jolla, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Many competing ceria (110) oxygen vacancy structures : From small to large supercells
- 2012
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In: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 137:4, s. 044705-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present periodic "DFT+U" studies of single oxygen vacancies on the CeO2(110) surface using a number of different supercells, finding a range of different local minimum structures for the vacancy and its two accompanying Ce(III) ions. We find three different geometrical structures in combination with a variety of different Ce(III) localization patterns, several of which have not been studied before. The desired trapping of electrons was achieved in a two-stage optimization procedure. We find that the surface oxygen nearest to the vacancy either moves within the plane towards the vacancy, or rises out of the surface into either a symmetric or an unsymmetric bridge structure. Results are shown in seven slab geometry supercells, p(2 x 1), p(2 x 2), p(2 x 3), p(3 x 2), p(2 x 4), p(4 x 2), and p(3 x 3), and indicate that the choice of supercell can affect the results qualitatively and quantitatively. An unsymmetric bridge structure with one nearest and one next-nearest neighbour Ce(III) ion (a combination of localizations not previously found) is the ground state in all (but one) of the supercells studied here, and the relative stability of other structures depends strongly on supercell size. Within any one supercell the formation energies of the different vacancy structures differ by up to 0.5 eV, but the same structure can vary by up to similar to 1 eV between supercells. Furthermore, finite size scaling suggests that the remaining errors (compared to still larger supercells) can also be similar to 1 eV for some vacancy structures.
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| 3. |
- Lu, Zhansheng, et al.
(author)
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Cu-doped ceria : Oxygen vacancy formation made easy
- 2011
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In: Chemical Physics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 510:1-3, s. 60-66
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- DFT + U calculations of Cu-doped bulk ceria are presented. The first oxygen vacancy in Cu-doped ceria forms almost spontaneously and the second vacancy is also easily created. Whether zero, one or two oxygen vacancies, the Cu dopant is in the form Cu(+ II), and prefers to be 4-coordinated in a close to planar structure. Charge compensation, structural relaxation and available Cu-O states all play roles in lowering the O vacancy formation energies, but to different degrees when the first and second oxygen vacancies are formed. The Cu-doped ceria(1 1 1) surface system behaves in a similar fashion.
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