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- Chen, Jian, et al.
(author)
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Sizing of MOS device in LC-tank oscillators
- 2007
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In: 2007 Norchip. - 9781424415168 ; , s. 90-95
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since previous publications show conflicting results about sizing device, relationship between device size and 1/f(2) phase noise is studied and closed-form equations are derived in order to help designers to size devices in LC-tank oscillators for good phase noise performance. The analysis is divided into two steps. Firstly, periodic noise transfer functions of each VCO noise source to the output of switch FETs are derived, and the impact of sizing on these functions is discussed. Secondly, phase noise equations are derived with these functions. Experiments show that phase noise predicted by the equations agrees with that from simulations.
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| 4. |
- Hua, Dong, et al.
(author)
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Small interfering RNA-directed targeting of toll-like receptor 4 inhibits human prostate cancer cell invasion, survival, and tumorigenicity
- 2009
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In: Molecular Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0161-5890 .- 1872-9142. ; 46:15, s. 2876-2884
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A major cause of tumor treatment failure is cancer cell metastasis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling has been implicated in tumor cell invasion, survival, and metastasis in a variety of cancers. In this study, we investigated the biological roles of TLR4 in prostate metastatic cell invasion and survival, and the potential of gene silencing of TLR4 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) for treatment of cancer. In cultured human prostate cancer cell lines, TLR4 were higher PC3 and DU145 as compared with the poorly metastatic LNCaP indicating that up-regulation of TLR4 was positively correlated with metastasis of tumor cell. In the highly metastatic cancer cell PC3, gene silencing of TLR4 using siRNA significantly inhibited TLR4 mRNA expression and protein level. Knockdown of TLR4 in PC3 cells resulted in a dramatic reduction of tumor cell migration and invasion as indicated by a Matrigel invasion assay. Furthermore, TLR4 siRNA suppressed cell viability and ultimately caused the induction of apoptotic cell death. The effects were associated with abrogating TLR4-mediated signaling to downstream target molecules such as myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), adaptor-inducing IFN-beta (TRIF), and interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1). In a mouse prostate cancer model, administration with the plasmid construct expressing siRNA for TLR4 obviously inhibited established tumor growth and survival. These studies revealed evidence of a multifaceted signaling network operating downstream of TLR4-mediated tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and survival. Thus, RNA interference-directed targeting of TLR4 may raise the potential of its application for cancer therapy.
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- Lei, Li-Jian, et al.
(author)
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Estimation of benchmark dose for pancreatic damage in cadmium-exposed smelters
- 2007
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In: Toxicological Sciences. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1096-6080 .- 1096-0929. ; 97:1, s. 189-195
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to estimate the benchmark dose (BMD) for pancreas dysfunction caused by cadmium (Cd) exposure in smelters. Smelter workers who had been exposed to Cd for more than 1 year and matching nonoccupationally exposed subjects were asked to participate in this study. Urinary cadmium (UCd) was used as a biomarker for exposure, serum insulin and amylase were used as biomarkers for pancreatic effects. In this study, serum insulin and amylase were lower in the smelter workers than in the nonoccupationally exposed subjects. A significant dose-response relationship with UCd was displayed. BMI)s in terms of urinary Cd corrected for creatinine were calculated by use of BMDS (version 1.3.2). The benchmark dose lower limit of a one-sided 95% confidence interval (BMDL) for 10% excess risk was also determined. It was found that the BMDL10 for serum insulin and serum amylase was 3.7 and 5.3 mu g/g Cr, respectively. Compared to the BMDL for renal damage caused by Cd exposure, identified by the effect biomarkers urinary beta(2)-microglobulin, urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and urinary albumin (UALB), it was shown that BMDL10 for serum insulin is the lowest among all values and UALB gave the highest value (5.8 mu g/g Cr). This study indicates that Cd exposure can result in pancreatic dysfunction and the effect appears at lower urinary Cd level than renal dysfunction. The endocrine function of the pancreas was affected at lower urinary levels of Cd, compared to the exocrine function, which was seen at higher urinary levels of Cd than those giving rise to renal tubular dysfunction.
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| 6. |
- Löwemark, Ludvig, et al.
(author)
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Glacio-eustatic influence on deep water circulation in the South China Sea over the past 500 kyrs – implications for global biogeochemical cycling
- 2008
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In: Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting, American Geophysical Union, Cairns, Australia, July/August 2008.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We provide new evidence for the development of a stable estuarinecirculation characterized by stagnating water bodies, nutrient recycling and increased primary productivity in the South China Seaduring glacial intervals caused by the closure of the shallow andnarrow straits connecting the South China Sea in the south and west. Our main evidence comes from records of Mn concentrations and Mn/Al ratios in two sedimentary cores from the northern and southeastern South China Sea covering the last 500 ky. Concentrations and Mn/Al ratios of the redox sensitive element Mn show clear glacial-interglacial cycles with maxima during interglacial periods and minima during glacial periods. These cycles indicate ventilation cycles of the bottom water connected to the glacial-interglacial changes in sea level. In contrast, total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations display an opposite pattern with pronounced maxima during glacial times, especially in the southern part of the basin. The variations in TOC can be ascribed to two factors. Firstly to variations in primary productivity controlled by variations in theintensity of the winter monsoon. Secondly to the degree of preservation of TOC controlled by variations in ventilation, ultimately controlled by sea level. Variations in TOC consequentlyrepresent a superimposition of sea level influenced preservationcontrol and primarily winter monsoon driven variations in primaryproductivity intensity. The decrease in Mn correspond to times when sea level dropped below 40-50 m. Larger amplitude of the variations in TOC and Mn in the southern part of the basin compared to the northern sites suggest that oxygen depletion and nutrient recycling was stronger in the parts of the basin situated the furthest from the only remaining opening to the open Pacific, the Luzon strait.
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- Nordberg, Gunnar F, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of kidney dysfunction in humans - relationship to cadmium dose, metallothionein, immunological and metabolic factors.
- 2009
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In: Biochimie. - : Elsevier BV. - 1638-6183 .- 0300-9084. ; 91:10, s. 1282-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Long term cadmium (Cd) exposure in occupational and general environments may give rise to kidney dysfunction. This effect is usually considered to be the critical effect, i. e. the effect that occurs at relatively low level of exposure. The present review focused on studies of the prevalence of cadmium-related kidney dysfunction among population groups residing in cadmium contaminated areas in China. Dose-response relationships were shown between UCd and the prevalence of increased levels of biomarkers in urine of renal tubular dysfunction such as urinary beta-2-microglobulin or N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase - NAG or urinary albumin, a biomarker of glomerular kidney dysfunction. Factors that influence these dose-response relationships include: 1) Metallothionein mRNA levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes, used as a biomarker of the ability of each person, to synthesize metallothionein (a protein known to provide intracellular protection against cadmium toxicity). 2) The occurrence of increased levels in blood plasma of autoantibodies against metallothionein. 3) Concomitant changes in glucose metabolism i e Type II diabetes. 4) Concomitant exposure to other nephrotoxic agents such as inorganic arsenic. Increased susceptibility in diabetics has been shown also in population groups in Europe. In persons with type II diabetes and increased levels of autoantibodies against metallothionein in blood plasma or in persons with concomitant exposure to environmental inorganic arsenic, indications of Cd-related kidney dysfunction was observed at UCd levels around 1 microg/g creatinine, levels found among "unexposed" population groups in many countries.
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| 9. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(author)
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The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- 2008
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In: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 452:7190, s. 949-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
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| 10. |
- Su, Zhi-Jian, et al.
(author)
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Criterion for Dendrite Fragmentation of Carbon Steel under Imposition of Linear Travelling EMS
- 2009
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In: STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL. - 1611-3683. ; 80:11, s. 824-833
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) of carbon steel with 0.22-0.98 mass%C is investigated, based on the dendrite fragmentation theory of T. Campanella et al. The following conclusions are obtained: The criterion for dendrite fragmentation under linear EMS is obtained and verified by the 0.22-0.98 mass%C steel experiments. Investigation is carried out on the relation between the superficial velocity of the liquid phase and the actual velocity of the interdendritic liquid and the volume fraction of solid at the time of dendrite fragmentation (CET occurrence). At the same superficial velocity, the dendrite fragmentation critical volume fraction of solid is smaller in the case of high carbon steel. As a result, the CET occurrence is more difficult in the case of high carbon steel. Dendrite fragmentation induced by EMS is confirmed by the fragments of dendrite arms observed in the macrostructure. The length of dendrite fragmentation observed is about 1mm
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