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- Pulkkinen, TI, et al.
(author)
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Two substorm intensifications compared: Onset, expansion, and global consequences
- 1998
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In: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS. - : AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION. ; 103:A1, s. 15-27
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We present observations of two sequential substorm onsets on May 15, 1996. The first event occurred during persistently negative IMF B-Z, whereas the second expansion followed a northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). While the first
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- Lundgren, E., et al.
(author)
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Unified behavior of alkali core-level binding-energy shifts induced by sp metals
- 1997
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In: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter). - 0163-1829. ; 56:19, s. 12560-12565
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thin overlayers of Na, K. Rb, and Cs on different sp-metal substrates have been investigated using photo-electron spectroscopy. The alkali core levels show clearly resolved binding-energy shifts between the surface layer, the intermediate layer(s), and the interface layer. The magnitude of these shifts depends on sp metal and on alkali metal. The layer-resolved core-level binding-energy shifts are well reproduced by models based on a thermodynamical description. For three-layer alkali films the core-level binding energy of the intermediate layer is found to exhibit a small but significant shift between different sp-metal substrates. A simple relationship between the core-level binding-energy shift for the interface layer and the difference in rs value between the sp substrate and the adsorbate is shown to exist.
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8. |
- Svensson, Bo, 1946-, et al.
(author)
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Interdecadal changes in CO2 and CH4 fluxes of subarctic mire : Stordalen revisted after 20 years
- 1999
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In: Oikos. - : JSTOR. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 85:1, s. 22-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The first subarctic wetland CO2 and CH4 flux measurements were made at Stordalen in the beginning of the 1970s in connection with the IBP study. A return to this area in 1994-95 offered a unique opportunity to study possible interdecadal changes in northern wetland CO2 and CH4 emissions. Measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes were carried out in similar habitats as those investigated in 1974. The mire distribution of wet minerotrophic areas relative to the elevated ombrotrophic areas had changed dramatically over the twenty years. There were no significant differences between the CH4-flux in 1974, 1994, and 1995. However, the CO2 fluxes were significantly higher in 1995 than in 1974. Since differences in climatic conditions gave no cause for such a change it suggests a possible increase in decomposition rate to be due to other factors. We suggest changes in vegetation composition, altered mineralization pathways and disintegration of permafrost as causes for the interdecadal increase in decomposition rates.
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