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- Brooks-Worrell, B., et al.
(author)
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Comparison of cryopreservation methods on T-cell responses to islet and control antigens from type 1 diabetic patients and controls
- 2011
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In: Diabetes/Metabolism Research & Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1520-7552. ; 27:8, s. 737-745
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of the pancreatic islet cells. The use of cryopreserved cells is preferable to the use of freshly isolated cells to monitor clinical trials to decrease assay and laboratory variability. Methods The T-Cell Workshop Committee of the Immunology of Diabetes Society compared two widely accepted T-cell freezing protocols (warm and cold) to freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with T1D and controls in terms of recovery, viability, cell subset composition, and performance in functional assays currently in use in T1D-related research. Nine laboratories participated in the study with four different functional assays included. Results The cold freezing method yielded higher recovery and viability compared with the warm freezing method. Irrespective of freezing protocol, B cells and CD8+ T cells were enriched, monocyte fraction decreased, and islet antigen-reactive responses were lower in frozen versus fresh cells. However, these results need to take in to account that the overall response to islet autoantigens was low in some assays. Conclusions In the current study, none of the tested T-cell functional assays performed well using frozen samples. More research is required to identify a freezing method and a T-cell functional assay that will produce responses in patients with T1D comparable to responses using fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Kiotseridis, Hampus, et al.
(author)
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Grass pollen allergy in children and adolescents-symptoms, health related quality of life and the value of pollen prognosis
- 2013
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In: Clinical and Transnational Allergy. - 2045-7022. ; 3:19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Introduction An association between pollen count (Poaceae) and symptoms is well known, but to a lesser degree the importance of priming and lag effects. Also, threshold levels for changes in symptom severity need to be validated. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between pollen counts, symptoms and health related quality of life (HRQL), and to validate thresholds levels, useful in public pollen warnings. Material and methods Children aged 7–18 with grass pollen allergy filled out a symptom diary during the pollen season for nose, eyes and lung symptoms, as well as a HRQL questionnaire every week. Pollen counts were monitored using a volumetric spore trap. Results 89 (91%) of the included 98 children completed the study. There was a clear association between pollen count, symptom severity and HRQL during the whole pollen season, but no difference in this respect between early and late pollen season. There was a lag effect of 1–3 days after pollen exposure except for lung symptoms. We found only two threshold levels, at 30 and 80 pollen grains/m3 for the total symptom score, not three as is used today. The nose and eyes reacted to low doses, but for the lung symptoms, symptom strength did hardly change until 50 pollen grains/m3. Conclusion Grass pollen has an effect on symptoms and HRQL, lasting up to 5 days after exposure. Symptoms from the lungs appear to have higher threshold levels than the eyes and the nose. Overall symptom severity does not appear to change during the course of season. Threshold levels need to be revised. We suggest a traffic light model for public pollen warnings directed to children, where green signifies “no problem”, yellow signifies “can be problems, especially if you are highly sensitive” and red signifies “alert – take action”.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kiotseridis, Hampus, et al.
(author)
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Quality of life in children and adolescents with respiratory allergy, assessed with a generic and disease-specific instrument
- 2013
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In: Clinical Respiratory Journal. - 1752-6981. ; 7:2, s. 168-175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Respiratory allergic disorders like rhinitis and asthma are common conditions that not only affect target organs, but complicate the daily life of affected children and adolescents. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the QoL (quality of life) in children with grass pollen allergy in and out of grass pollen season. Methods: We used the Pediatric Allergic Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PADQLQ), a disease-specific questionnaire including both asthma and rhinitis symptoms. We also used the DISABKIDS (a European project which aims at enhancing the quality of life and the independence of children with chronic health conditions and their families) questionnaire, a generic questionnaire covering non-organ-specific effects of disease. Results: Ninety-eight children 718 years old with grass pollen allergy were included. Eighty-nine children (91%) completed the study. The QoL was significantly decreased during pollen season assessed both with DISABKIDS and PADQLQ. The correlation between the questionnaires was 0.73. Not only the physical domain score (P=0.00093) but also the emotional domain score (P=0.034) was significantly lowered. Children with multiple manifestations (asthma and rhinitis) had lower QoL than children with rhinitis alone (P=0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed a highly significant impact on QoL for symptoms from nose, eyes and lungs. They were equally important (standardized coefficient 047, 0.47 and 0.46, respectively). Conclusion: The QoL in children and adolescents with respiratory allergy deteriorates during pollen season. This was shown both with generic (DISABKIDS) and disease-specific instrument (PADQLQ). Please cite this paper as: Kiotseridis H, Cilio CM, Bjermer L, Aurivillius M, Jacobsson H, Dahl angstrom and Tunsater A. Quality of life in children and adolescents with respiratory allergy, assessed with a generic and disease-specific instrument. Clin Respir J 2013; 7: 168175.
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| 5. |
- Mallone, R, et al.
(author)
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Isolation and preservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for analysis of islet antigen-reactive T cell responses: position statement of the T-Cell Workshop Committee of the Immunology of Diabetes Society.
- 2011
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In: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 163, s. 33-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Autoimmune T cell responses directed against insulin-producing β cells are central to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Detection of such responses is therefore critical to provide novel biomarkers for T1D 'immune staging' and to understand the mechanisms underlying the disease. While different T cell assays are being developed for these purposes, it is important to optimize and standardize methods for processing human blood samples for these assays. To this end, we review data relevant to critical parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation, (cryo)preservation, distribution and usage for detecting antigen-specific T cell responses. Based on these data, we propose recommendations on processing blood samples for T cell assays and identify gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. These recommendations may be relevant not only for the analysis of T cell responses in autoimmune disease, but also in cancer and infectious disease, particularly in the context of clinical trials.
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| 6. |
- Ortqvist, E, et al.
(author)
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Changes in GAD65Ab-Specific Antiidiotypic Antibody Levels Correlate with Changes in C-Peptide Levels and Progression to Islet Cell Autoimmunity.
- 2010
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In: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 95, s. 310-318
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: The previously reported absence of 65-kDa glutamate decarboxylase antibody (GAD65Ab)-specific antiidiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients at clinical onset could be due to an inability to mount an antibody response to GAD65Ab or a longitudinal decline in anti-Id levels. Objective and Design: We investigated anti-Id levels in longitudinal samples obtained from T1D patients (n = 41) (clinical diagnosis - 12 months), and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) patients (n = 32) who received alum-formulated human recombinant GAD65 (baseline - 12 months). We also determined anti-Id levels in a small cohort of Type 2 diabetes patients during their development of autoimmune T cell responses. Results: At clinical onset T1D patients presented no or low anti-Id levels. However, 22/41 T1D patients showed >/=50% increase in GAD65Ab-specific anti-Id levels during follow-up; peaking at 3 (n = 1), 6 (n = 10), 9 (n = 10), or 12 (n = 1) months. Increasing anti-Id levels marked patients who experienced a temporary increase in C-peptide levels. Anti-Id levels correlated significantly with glycated hemoglobin and C-peptide levels at 6 and 9 months (P values ranged from <0.001 to <0.05). In LADA patients receiving placebo, anti-Id levels declined in seven of nine patients, whereas four of five patients receiving 20 mug alum-formulated human recombinant GAD65 showed increasing anti-Id levels. Changes in anti-Id and C-peptide levels closely correlated (P < 0.0001). The significant decline in anti-Id levels (P = 0.03) in T2D patients developing T cell autoimmune responses supports our hypothesis that declining anti-Id levels are associated with developing islet autoimmunity. Conclusions: The close association between GAD65Ab-specific anti-Id levels and beta-cell function may provide a novel marker for the progression of autoimmune diabetes.
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