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- Tabiri, S, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Bravo, L, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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| 6. |
- Munk, P., et al.
(author)
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Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance
- 2022
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention.
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| 7. |
- Margaryan, Ashot, et al.
(author)
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Population genomics of the Viking world
- 2020
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 585:7825, s. 390-396
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about ad750–1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci—including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response—in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.
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| 8. |
- Verhaar, B. J. H., et al.
(author)
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Associations between gutmicrobiota, faecal short-chain fatty acids, and blood pressure across ethnic groups: the HELIUS study
- 2020
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In: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 41:44, s. 4259-4267
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims Preliminary evidence from animal and human studies shows that gut microbiota composition and levels of microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are associated with blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that faecal microbiota composition and derived metabolites may be differently associated with BP across ethnic groups Methods and results We included 4672 subjects (mean age 49.8 +/- 11.7 years, 52% women) from six different ethnic groups participating in the HEalthy Life In an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study. The gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Associations between microbiota composition and office BP were assessed using machine learning prediction models. In the subgroups with the largest associations, faecal SCFA levels were compared in 200 subjects with lower or higher systolic BP. Faecal microbiota composition explained 4.4% of the total systolic BP variance. Best predictors for systolic BP included Roseburia spp., Clostridium spp., Romboutsia spp., and Ruminococcaceae spp. Explained variance of the microbiota composition was highest in Dutch subjects (4.8%), but very low in South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Moroccan and Turkish descent groups (explained variance <0.8%). Faecal SCFA levels, including acetate (P < 0.05) and propionate (P < 0.01), were lower in young Dutch participants with low systolic BP Conclusions Faecal microbiota composition is associated with BP, but with strongly divergent associations between ethnic groups. Intriguingly, while Dutch participants with lower BP had higher abundances of several SCFA-producing microbes, they had lower faecal SCFA levels. Intervention studies with SCFAs could provide more insight in the effects of these metabolites on BP.
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| 9. |
- Verhaar, B. J. H., et al.
(author)
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Sex differences in associations of plasma metabolites with blood pressure and heart rate variability: The HELIUS study
- 2023
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In: Atherosclerosis. - 0021-9150. ; 384
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims: Since plasma metabolites can modulate blood pressure (BP) and vary between men and women, we examined sex differences in plasma metabolite profiles associated with BP and sympathicovagal balance. Our secondary aim was to investigate associations between gut microbiota composition and plasma metabolites predictive of BP and heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: From the HELIUS cohort, we included 196 women and 173 men. Office systolic BP and diastolic BP were recorded, and heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) were calculated using finger photoplethysmography. Plasma metabolomics was measured using untargeted LC-MS/MS. Gut microbiota composition was determined using 16S sequencing. We used machine learning models to predict BP and HRV from metabolite profiles, and to predict metabolite levels from gut microbiota composition.Results: In women, best predicting metabolites for systolic BP included dihomolineoylcarnitine, 4-hydroxyphenylacetateglutamine and vanillactate. In men, top predictors included sphingomyelins, N-formylmethionine and conjugated bile acids. Best predictors for HRV in men included phenylacetate and gentisate, which were associated with lower HRV in men but not in women. Several of these metabolites were associated with gut microbiota composition, including phenylacetate, multiple sphingomyelins and gentisate. Conclusions: Plasma metabolite profiles are associated with BP in a sex-specific manner. Catecholamine derivatives were more important predictors for BP in women, while sphingomyelins were more important in men. Several metabolites were associated with gut microbiota composition, providing potential targets for intervention.
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