| 1. |
- Bremer, Kåre, et al.
(author)
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An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants
- 1998
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In: ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - : MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - 0026-6493. ; 85:4, s. 531-553
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Recent cladistic analyses are revealing the phylogeny of flowering plants in increasing detail, and there is support for the monophyly of many major groups above the family level. With many elements of the major branching sequence of phylogeny established
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Köhler, Th., et al.
(author)
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Precision measurement of strong interaction isotope effects in antiprotonic 16O, 17O, and 18O atoms
- 1986
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 176:3-4, s. 327-333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The strong-interaction effects in antiprotonic 16O, 17O, and 18O atoms were measured at the CERN antiproton facility, LEAR. The shifts ε{lunate} and the widths Γ of the 3d level were determined to be -112±20 eV (16O), -140±46 eV (17O), -195±20 eV (18O), and 495±45 eV (16O), 540±150 (17O), 640±40 eV (18O), respectively. © 1986.
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| 4. |
- Granqvist, C.-G., et al.
(author)
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Recent advances in electrochromics for smart windows applications
- 1998
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In: Solar Energy. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 63:4, s. 199-216
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Electrochromic smart windows are able to vary their throughput of radiant energy by low-voltage electrical pulses. This function is caused by reversible shuttling of electrons and charge balancing ions between an electrochromic thin film and a transparent counter electrode. The ion transport takes place via a solid electrolyte. Charge transport is evoked by a voltage applied between transparent electrical conductors surrounding the electrochromic film/electrolyte/counter electrode stack. This review summarizes recent progress concerning: (i) calculated optical properties of crystalline WO3, (ii) electrochromic properties of heavily disordered W oxide and oxyfluoride films produced by reactive magnetron bias sputtering, (iii) novel transparent reactively sputter-deposited Zr-Ce oxide counter electrodes and (iv) a new proton-conducting antimonic-acid-based polymer electrolyte. Special in depth presentations are given on elastic light scattering from W-oxide-based films and of electronic band structure effects affecting opto-chronopotentiometry data in Zr-Ce oxide. The review also contains some new device data for an electrochromic smart window capable of very high optical transmittance.Electrochromic smart windows are able to vary their throughput of radiant energy by low-voltage electrical pulses. This function is caused by reversible shuttling of electrons and charge balancing ions between an electrochromic thin film and a transparent counter electrode. The ion transport takes place via a solid electrolyte. Charge transport is evoked by a voltage applied between transparent electrical conductors surrounding the electrochromic film/electrolyte/counter electrode stack. This review summarizes recent progress concerning: (i) calculated optical properties of crystalline WO3, (ii) electrochromic properties of heavily disordered W oxide and oxyfluoride films produced by reactive magnetron bias sputtering, (iii) novel transparent reactively sputter-deposited Zr-Ce oxide counter electrodes and (iv) a new proton-conducting antimonic-acid-based polymer electrolyte. Special in depth presentations are given on elastic light scattering from W-oxide-based films and of electronic band structure effects affecting opto-chronopotentiometry data in Zr-Ce oxide. The review also contains some new device data for an electrochromic smart window capable of very high optical transmittance.
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| 5. |
- Lindström, T., et al.
(author)
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Electrochromic control of thin film light scattering
- 1997
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In: Journal of Applied Physics. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 81:3, s. 1464-69
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Total and diffuse reflectance spectra were measured on Al surfaces covered with electrochromic W oxide films in colored and bleached states. Vector perturbation theory was used for analyzing the spectra. The diffuse reflectance appeared to originate from correlated (uncorrelated) interface roughness when the W oxide film was fully colored (bleached). Assuming partially correlated interfaces led to agreement between experimental and calculated spectra. The use of an electrochromic film appears a promising method to control the relative contributions of the interfaces to the resulting scattering.
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| 6. |
- Van Hese, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Simulation of the Effect of Inhomogeneities in TEM Transmission Cells using the FDTD-Method
- 1992
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In: IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9375 .- 1558-187X. ; 34:3, s. 292-298
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The finite difference time domain (FDTD)-method is applied to model transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission cells in three dimensions. The perturbation of the TEM-mode and the standard field distribution in the TEM-cell, due to inhomogeneous materials placed inside the cell cavity, is evaluated. Particularly, the dependence of the disturbance of the TEM-mode on the dimensions of the material and its position in the TEM-cell is studied. Also the absorption of the electromagnetic fields in the lossy materials, placed in the cell, is calculated.
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| 7. |
- Bowman, Lawrence E., et al.
(author)
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A single photon timing instrument that covers a broad temporal range in the reversed timing configuration
- 1993
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In: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 64:2, s. 338-341
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A versatile single-photon timing instrument based on the reversed timing configuration has been constructed. Unlike similar instruments, the apparatus described here is capable of recording a broad range of excited-state decay times owing to a switched fiber optic delay. This allows the user to readily collect time-resolved luminescence data over a variable time window in the reversed-timing configuration. With proper adjustment of the appropriate components, one can acquire a luminescence decay over a variable time range from less than 1 ns to nearly 1 μs. The full width at half-maximum of the instrument response function is 42 ps. The utility of a switched fiber optic delay is discussed and the device's construction is described.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Granqvist, C. G., et al.
(author)
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Progress in Smart Windows Research: Improved Electrochromic W Oxide Films and Transparent Ti-Ce Oxide Counter Electrodes
- 1996
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In: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 8:1-4, s. 97-106
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We review recent work on sputter deposited W-oxide-based films. Improved electrochemical durability was obtained by electron bombardment during deposition, and enhanced coloration/bleaching dynamics was obtained by fluorination. Spectrally resolved scattering measurements indicated that haze levels ≪ 1 % could be reached. Oblique angle deposition could yield angular selectivity. New results are given for sputtered Ti-Ce oxide films, showing their capacity as counter electrodes in transparent electrochromic devices.
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| 10. |
- Gray, JS, et al.
(author)
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Lyme borreliosis awareness
- 1998
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In: Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie : international journal of medical microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0934-8840. ; 287:3, s. 253-265
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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