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- Danielsson Niemi, Liza, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Human milk compounds inhibiting adhesion of mutans streptococci to host ligand-coated hydroxyapatite in vitro
- 2009
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In: Caries Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 43:3, s. 171-178
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acquisition of mutans streptococci at an early age is a risk factor for later caries development. Following our recent finding that human milk may inhibit adhesion of Streptococcus mutans the aim of the present study was to identify compounds in human milk preventing adhesion of mutans streptococci to saliva- or gp340-coated hydroxyapatite (s-HA and gp340-HA) using an in vitro model system. Superdex 200 fractions of human milk and purified proteins were screened for binding inhibition of the S. mutans strain Ingbritt. Avid inhibition was seen to both s-HA and gp340-HA for caseins, lactoferrin, IgA and IgG, and moderate inhibition for alpha-lactalbumin and bile salt-stimulated lipase, whereas albumin and lysozyme had no effect. The inhibitory epitope in beta-casein was delineated to its C-terminal LLNQELLNPTHQIYPVTQPLAPVHNPISV stretch by use of synthetic peptides. Similarly, a peptide (SCKFDEYFSQSCA) corresponding to the human lactoferrin stretch that is highly homologous to the previously shown inhibitory stretch of bovine lactoferrin was found to inhibit S. mutans Ingbritt binding. Inhibition by human milk, IgA, and the inhibitory beta-casein peptide was universal among 4 strains of S. mutans (Ingbritt, NG8, LT11, JBP) and 2 strains of S. sobrinus (6715 and OMZ176). IgG inhibited 4, alpha-lactalbumin 3 and lactoferrin 2 of these 6 strains. It was also confirmed that none of the milk components coated on HA mediated S. mutans Ingbritt adhesion, which was consistent with the finding that no milk protein was recognized on Western blots by gp340/DMBT1 monoclonal antibodies.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Olle, 1967-
(author)
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Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis Methods : with Applications to a Road Traffic Emission Model
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There is always a need to study the properties of complex input–output systems, properties that may be very difficult to determine. Two such properties are the output’s sensitivity to changes in the inputs and the output’s uncertainty if the inputs are uncertain.A system can be formulated as a model—a set of functions, equations and conditions that describe the system. We ultimately want to study and learn about the real system, but with a model that approximates the system well, we can study the model instead, which is usually easier. It is often easier to build a model as a set of combined sub-models, but good knowledge of each sub-model does not immediately lead to good knowledge of the entire model. Often, the most attractive approach to model studies is to write the model as computer software and study datasets generated by that software.Methods for sensitivity analysis (SA) and uncertainty analysis (UA) cannot be expected to be exactly the same for all models. In this thesis, we want to determine suitable SA and UA methods for a road traffic emission model, methods that can also be applied to any other model of similar structure. We examine parts of a well-known emission model and suggest a powerful data-generating tool. By studying generated datasets, we can examine properties in the model, suggest SA and UA methods and discuss the properties of these methods. We also present some of the results of applying the methods to the generated datasets.
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| 5. |
- Leijon, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Wave Energy from the North Sea : Experiences from the Lysekil Research Site
- 2008
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In: Surveys in geophysics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3298 .- 1573-0956. ; 29:3, s. 221-240
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper provides a status update on the development of the Swedish wave energy research area located close to Lysekil on the Swedish West coast. The Lysekil project is run by the Centre for Renewable Electric Energy Conversion at Uppsala University. The project was started in 2004 and currently has permission to run until the end of 2013. During this time period 10 grid-connected wave energy converters, 30 buoys for studies on environmental impact, and a surveillance tower for monitoring the interaction between waves and converters will be installed and studied. To date the research area holds one complete wave energy converter connected to a measuring station on shore via a sea cable, a Wave Rider™ buoy for wave measurements, 25 buoys for studies on environmental impact, and a surveillance tower. The wave energy converter is based on a linear synchronous generator which is placed on the sea bed and driven by a heaving point absorber at the ocean surface. The converter is directly driven, i.e. it has no gearbox or other mechanical or hydraulic conversion system. This results in a simple and robust mechanical system, but also in a somewhat more complicated electrical system.
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| 6. |
- Myléus, Anna, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Celiac disease revealed in 3% of Swedish 12-year-olds born during an epidemic
- 2009
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In: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - New York : Raven P. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 49:2, s. 170-176
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objetive: Sweden experienced a marked epidemic of celiac disease between 1984 and 1996 in children younger than 2 years of age, partly explained by changes in infant feeding. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of celiac disease in 12-year-olds born during the epidemic (1993), including both symptomatic and screening detected cases.Patients and methods: All sixth-grade children in participating schools were invited (n = 10,041). Symptomatic and, therefore, previously diagnosed celiac disease cases were ascertained through the National Swedish Childhood Celiac Disease Register and/or medical records. All serum samples were analyzed for antihuman tissue transglutaminase (tTG)-IgA (Celikey), and serum-IgA, and some for tTG-IgG and endomysial antibodies. A small intestinal biopsy was recommended for all children with suspected undiagnosed celiac disease.Results: Participation was accepted by 7567 families (75%). Previously diagnosed celiac disease was found in 67 children; 8.9/1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7-11). In another 192 children, a small intestinal biopsy was recommended and was performed in 180. Celiac disease was verified in 145 children, 20/1000 (95% CI 17-23). The total prevalence was 29/1000 (95% CI 25-33).Conclusions: The celiac disease prevalence of 29/1000 (3%)-with two thirds of cases undiagnosed before screening-is 3-fold higher than the usually suggested prevalence of 1%. When these 12-year-olds were infants, the prevailing feeding practice was to introduce gluten abruptly, often without ongoing breast-feeding, which might have contributed to this unexpectedly high prevalence.
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| 9. |
- Waters, Rafael, et al.
(author)
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Experimental results from sea trials of an offshore wave energy system
- 2007
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 90:3, s. 034105-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A full-scale prototype of a wave power plant has been installed off the Swedish west coast and the overall wave energy converter concept has been verified. Initial results have been collected and significant insights discovered. Energy absorption dependency on load as well as output voltage and power is demonstrated. It is shown that great overload capability of the directly driven linear generator is critical, and indicated that, for resistive loads, optimal load does not vary with wave climate. Future grid supplying energy production would necessitate parks of wave power plants in order to reduce power fluctuations.
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