| 1. |
- Phu, Vu Dinh, et al.
(author)
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Ventilator-associated respiratory infection in a resource-restricted setting: impact and etiology
- 2017
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In: Journal of Intensive Care. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2052-0492. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI) is a significant problem in resource-restricted intensive care units (ICUs), but differences in casemix and etiology means VARI in resource-restricted ICUs may be different from that found in resource-rich units. Data from these settings are vital to plan preventative interventions and assess their cost-effectiveness, but few are available.
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| 2. |
- Byass, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Refining a probabilistic model for interpreting verbal autopsy data.
- 2006
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In: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 34:1, s. 26-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To build on the previously reported development of a Bayesian probabilistic model for interpreting verbal autopsy (VA) data, attempting to improve the model's performance in determining cause of death and to reassess it. Design: An expert group of clinicians, coming from a wide range geographically and in terms of specialization, was convened. Over a four-day period the content of the previous probabilistic model was reviewed in detail and adjusted as necessary to reflect the group consensus. The revised model was tested with the same 189 VA cases from Vietnam, assessed by two local clinicians, that were used to test the preliminary model. Results: The revised model contained a total of 104 indicators that could be derived from VA data and 34 possible causes of death. When applied to the 189 Vietnamese cases, 142 (75.1%) achieved concordance between the model's output and the previous clinical consensus. The remaining 47 cases (24.9%) were presented to a further independent clinician for reassessment. As a result, consensus between clinical reassessment and the model's output was achieved in 28 cases (14.8%); clinical reassessment and the original clinical opinion agreed in 8 cases (4.2%), and in the remaining 11 cases (5.8%) clinical reassessment, the model, and the original clinical opinion all differed. Thus overall the model was considered to have performed well in 170 cases (89.9%). Conclusions: This approach to interpreting VA data continues to show promise. The next steps will be to evaluate it against other sources of VA data. The expert group approach to determining the required probability base seems to have been a productive one in improving the performance of the model.
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| 3. |
- Fottrell, Edward, et al.
(author)
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Mortality measurement in transition : proof of principle for standardised multi-country comparisons
- 2010
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In: Tropical medicine & international health. - : Wiley. - 1360-2276 .- 1365-3156. ; 15:10, s. 1256-1265
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Given the standardised method of VA interpretation, the observed differences in mortality cannot be because of local differences in assigning cause of death. Standardised, fit-for-purpose methods are needed to measure population health and changes in mortality patterns so that appropriate health policy and programmes can be designed, implemented and evaluated over time and place. The InterVA approach overcomes several longstanding limitations of existing methods and represents a valuable tool for health planners and researchers in resource-poor settings.
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| 4. |
- Graner, Sophie, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes and their determinants in rural Vietnam 1999-2005
- 2010
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In: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. - : Wiley. - 0269-5022 .- 1365-3016. ; 24:6, s. 535-545
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Population-based estimations of perinatal and neonatal outcomes are sparse in Vietnam. There are no previously published data on small for gestational age (SGA) infants. A rural population in northern Vietnam was investigated from 1999 to 2005 (n = 5521). Based on the birthweight distributions within the population under study, reference curves for intrauterine growth for Vietnamese infants were constructed and the prevalence and distribution of SGA was calculated for each sex. Neonatal mortality was estimated as 11.6 per 1000 live births and the perinatal mortality as 25.0 per 1000 births during the study period. The mean birthweight was 3112 g and the prevalence of low birthweight was 5.0%. The overall prevalence of SGA was 6.4%. SGA increased with gestational age and was 2.2%, 4.5% and 27.1% for preterm, term and post-term infants, respectively. Risk factors for SGA were post-term birth: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 7.75 [95% CI 6.02, 9.98], mothers in farming occupations AOR 1.72 [95% CI 1.21, 2.45] and female infant AOR 1.61 [95% CI 1.27, 2.03]. There was a pronounced decrease in neonatal mortality after 33 weeks of gestation. Suggested interventions are improved prenatal identification of SGA infants by ultrasound investigation for fetal growth among infants who do not follow their expected clinical growth curve at the antenatal clinic. Other suggestions include allocating a higher proportion of preterm deliveries to health facilities with surgical capacity and neonatal care.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hoang, Van Minh, et al.
(author)
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Multilevel analysis of covariation in socioeconomic predictors of physical functioning and psychological well-being among older people in rural Vietnam
- 2010
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In: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2318. ; 10:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background There remains a lack of research on co-variation of multiple health outcomes and their socio-economic co-patterning, especially among the elderly. This papers aims to 1) examine the effects of different socio-economic factors on physical functioning and psychological well-being among older adults in a rural community in northern Vietnam; and 2) investigate the extent to which the two outcomes variables co-vary within individuals.Methods We analyzed the data from the WHO/INDEPTH study on global ageing and adult health conducted on 8535 people aged 50 years old and over in Bavi district of Vietnam in 2006. A multivariate response model was constructed to answer our research questions. The model treats the individual as a level two unit and the multiple measurements observed within an individual as a level one unit.Results Lower physical functioning and psychological well-being were found in 1) women; 2) older people; 3) people with lower education level; 4) people who were currently single; 5) respondents from poorer household; and 6) mountainous dwellers compared to that in those of other category(ies) of the same variable. Socioeconomic factors accounted for about 24% and 7% of variation in physical functioning and psychological well-being scores, respectively. The adjusted correlation coefficient (0.35) indicates that physical functioning and psychological well-being did not strongly co-vary.Conclusions The present study shows that there exist problems of inequality in health among older adults in the study setting. This finding highlights the importance of analyzing multiple dimensions of health status simultaneously in inequality investigations.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Huong, Dao Lan, et al.
(author)
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Applying verbal autopsy to determine cause of death in rural Vietnam
- 2003
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 31:Suppl. 62, s. 19-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: Verbal autopsy (VA) is an attractive method for ascertaining causes of death in settings where the proportion of people who die under medical care is low. VA has been widely used to determine causes of childhood and maternal deaths, but has had limited use in assessing causes in adults and across all age groups. The objective was to test the feasibility of using VA to determine causes of death for all ages in Bavi District, Vietnam, in 1999, leading to an initial analysis of the mortality pattern in this area. Methods: Trained lay field workers interviewed a close caretaker of the deceased using a combination closed/open-ended questionnaire. Results: A total of 189 deaths were studied. Diagnoses were made by two physicians separately, with good agreement (k~0.84) and then combined to reach one single underlying cause of death for each case. The leading causes of death were cardiovascular and infectious diseases (accounting for 20.6% and 17.9% of the total respectively). Drowning was very prevalent in children under 15 (seven out of nine cases of drowning were in this age group). Discussion: One month seemed an acceptable minimum recall period to ensure mourning procedures were over. A combination VA questionnaire was an appropriate instrument provided it was supported by adequate training of interviewers. Two physicians were appropriate for making the diagnoses but predefined diagnostic methods for common causes should be developed to ensure more replicable results and comparisons, as well as to observe trends of mortality over time. The causes of death in this study area reflect a typical pattern for developing countries that are in epidemiological transition. No maternal deaths and a low infant mortality rate may be the result of improvements in maternal and child health in this study area. Using the VA gave more precise causes of death than those reported at death registration. Although the validity of the VA method used has not been fully assessed, it appeared to be an appropriate method for ascertaining causes of death in the study area. Key words: cause of death, community data, field survey, mortality, verbal autopsy, Vietnam.
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| 9. |
- Huong, Dao Lan, et al.
(author)
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Burden of premature mortality in rural Vietnam from 1999 - 2003 : analyses from a Demographic Surveillance Site
- 2006
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In: Population Health Metrics. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1478-7954. ; 4, s. Article nr 9-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Assessing the burden of disease contributes towards evidence-based allocation of limited health resources. However, such measures are not yet commonly available in Vietnam. Taking advantage of the FilaBavi Demographic Surveillance Site (FilaBavi DSS) in Vietnam, this study aimed to establish the feasibility of applying the Years of Life Lost (YLL) technique in the context of a defined DSS, and to estimate the importance of the principal causes of premature mortality in a rural area of Vietnam between 1999 and 2003.Methods: Global Burden of Disease methods were applied. Causes of death were ascertained by verbal autopsy.Results: In five years, 1,240 deaths occurred and for 1,220 cases cause of death information from verbal autopsy was available. Life expectancy at birth was 71.0 (95% confidence interval 69.9–72.1) in males and 80.9 (79.9–81.9) in females. The discounted, but not age weighted YLL per 1,000 population was 85 and 55 for males and females, respectively. The leading causes of YLL and death counts were cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms, unintentional injuries, and neonatal causes. Males contributed 54% of total deaths and 59% of YLL. Males experienced higher YLL than women across all causes. Filabavi mortality estimates are considerably lower than 2002 WHO country estimates for Vietnam. Also the FilaBavi cause distribution varies considerably from the WHO result.Conclusion: The combination of localised demographic surveillance, verbal autopsy and the application of YLL methods enable new insights into the magnitude and importance of significant public health issues in settings where evidence for planning is otherwise scarce. Local mortality data vary considerably from the WHO model-based estimates.
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| 10. |
- Huong, Dao Lan, 1974-
(author)
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Mortality in transitional Vietnam
- 2006
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Understanding mortality patterns is an essential pre-requisite for guiding public health action and for supporting development of evidence-based policy. However, such information is not sufficiently available in Vietnam. Mortality statistics and causes of death are solely collected from health facilities while most deaths occur at home without the presence of health professionals. Facility-based data cannot represent what happened in the wider community. This thesis studies the patterns and burdens of mortality as well as their relationships with socio-economic status in rural Vietnam. The overall aim is to contribute to the improvement of the current system of mortality data collection in the country for the purposes of public health planning and priority setting. The study was carried out within the framework of an ongoing Demographic Surveillance System (DSS) in Bavi district, Hatay province, northern rural Vietnam. This study used a verbal autopsy (VA) approach to identify cause of death in a cohort of approximately 250,000 person- years over a five-year period from 1999 to 2003. During the five year study, a total of 1,240 deaths were recorded and VA was successfully completed for 1,220 cases. Results revealed that VA was an appropriate and useful method for ascertaining cause of death in this rural Vietnamese community where specific data were otherwise scarce. The mortality pattern reflected a transitional pattern of disease in which the leading cause of death was cardiovascular diseases (CVD), followed by neoplasms, infectious and parasitic diseases, and external causes, accounting for 28.9%, 14.5%, 11.2%, and 9.8%, respectively. In terms of premature mortality, there were 85 and 55 Years of Life Lost (YLL) per 1,000 population for males and females respectively. The largest contributions to YLL were CVDs, malignant neoplasms, unintentional injuries, and perinatal and neonatal causes. In general, men had higher mortality rates than women for all mortality categories. In adults of 20 years and above, mortality rates increased substantially with age, and showed similar age effects for all mortality categories with the strongest association for non-communicable diseases (NCD). Education was an important factor for survival in general, and high economic status seemed to benefit men more than women. Compared with cancer and other NCD causes, higher CVD rates were observed among males, the elderly, and those without formal education, using a Cox proportional hazards model. This study is an initial effort to provide information on mortality patterns in a community using longitudinal follow-up of a dynamic cohort. Continuing the study using the VA approach as part of routine data collection in the setting will help to show trends in mortality patterns for the community over time, which may be useful for priority setting and health planning purposes, not only locally but also at the national level. Further analyses are needed to understand mortality inequality across all ages to have a comprehensive picture of mortality burdens in the setting. Validation studies and further standardization of VA methods should be carried out whenever possible to improve the performance and extension of the technique.
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