| 1. |
- Cong, Lin, et al.
(author)
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Use of Cardiovascular Drugs for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among Rural-Dwelling Older Chinese Adults
- 2020
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In: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-9812. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cardiovascular risk factors and related disorders are common among older adults, and use of various classes of cardiovascular (CV) drugs could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, data are sparse with regard to the use of CV drugs among rural-dwelling older adults in China. Therefore, this population-based study aimed to describe use of CV drugs among older adults living in the rural communities in China, while taking into account the use of CV drugs for primary and secondary prevention of CVDs. This study included 5,246 participants (age >= 65 years; 57.17% women; 40.68% illiteracy) in the baseline examination of the MIND-China study. In March-September 2018, data on health-related factors, CVDs (ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke), and CV drug use were collected via face-to-face survey, clinical examination, and laboratory tests. We classified CV drugs according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system for western medications and specific cardiovascular effects for the products of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). We conducted descriptive analysis. The overall prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors ranged from 14.30% in diabetes and 23.81% in dyslipidemia to 66.70% in hypertension, and CVDs affected 35.07% of all participants (36.28% in women vs. 33.47% in men, p = 0.035). In the total sample, calcium channel blockers (C08) were most commonly used (10.39%), followed by TCM products (7.64%), hypoglycemic agents (A10, 4.73%), renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-acting agents (C09, 4.61%), and lipid-lowering agents (C10, 4.17%). The proportions of CV drugs for primary prevention (i.e., use of CV drugs among people without CVD) were 3.14% for antithrombotic agents (mainly aspirin), 1.38% for lipid-lowering agents, and 3.11% for RAS-acting agents; the corresponding figures for secondary prevention (i.e., use of CV drugs among people with CVD) were 13.97%, 9.35%, and 7.39%. In conclusion, despite highly prevalent cardiovascular risk factors and CVDs, a fairly low proportion of the rural-dwelling older adults take CV medications for primary and secondary prevention. Notably, TCM products are among the most commonly used CV drugs. These results call for additional efforts to promote implementation of the evidence-based recommendations for prevention of CVDs in the primary care settings.
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| 2. |
- Kivipelto, Miia, et al.
(author)
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World-Wide FINGERS Network : A global approach to risk reduction and prevention of dementia
- 2020
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In: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 16:7, s. 1078-1094
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reducing the risk of dementia can halt the worldwide increase of affected people. The multifactorial and heterogeneous nature of late-onset dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), indicates a potential impact of multidomain lifestyle interventions on risk reduction. The positive results of the landmark multidomain Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) support such an approach. The World-Wide FINGERS (WW-FINGERS), launched in 2017 and including over 25 countries, is the first global network of multidomain lifestyle intervention trials for dementia risk reduction and prevention. WW-FINGERS aims to adapt, test, and optimize the FINGER model to reduce risk across the spectrum of cognitive decline-from at-risk asymptomatic states to early symptomatic stages-in different geographical, cultural, and economic settings. WW-FINGERS aims to harmonize and adapt multidomain interventions across various countries and settings, to facilitate data sharing and analysis across studies, and to promote international joint initiatives to identify globally implementable and effective preventive strategies.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Shaoying, et al.
(author)
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Characterizing lipid profiles associated with asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis in rural-dwelling adults : A population-based study
- 2020
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In: Journal of Clinical Lipidology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1933-2874 .- 1876-4789. ; 14:3, s. 371-380
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although individual lipid parameters have been frequently examined in association with asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis (aICAS), few population-based studies have investigated the lipid profiles associated with aICAS among Chinese adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to characterize the lipid profiles associated with aICAS in rural-dwelling adults in China. METHODS: This population-based study included 2027 persons who were aged >= 40 years and free of stroke. Data were collected via interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory testing. We diagnosed aICAS by integrating transcranial color Doppler with magnetic resonance angiography. Data were analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the 2027 participants, 154 were detected with aICAS. The multiadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of aICAS was 1.41 (0.997-2.00) for high small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 1.44 (1.02-2.04) for high lipoprotein(a), 1.71 (1.21-2.44) for low apolipoprotein A-1, 1.43 (1.00-2.04) for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 1.61 (1.14-2.27) for high apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio, 1.95 (1.38-2.76) for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL-C ratio, and 1.51 (1.06-2.14) for high total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio. When severity of aICAS was analyzed, high levels of lipoprotein(a), small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid ratios were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of moderate-to-severe aICAS (P < .05). An increasing number of abnormal lipid measurements was associated with an increased likelihood of aICAS (P for trend <.001). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that lipid profiles for aICAS among rural residents in China are characterized by high atherogenic cholesterol, low antiatherogenic cholesterol, and high ratios of atherogenic-to-antiatherogenic cholesterol or lipoproteins.
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| 4. |
- Yin, Qingqing, et al.
(author)
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Targetting Exosomes as a New Biomarker and Therapeutic Approach for Alzheimer's Disease
- 2020
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In: Clinical Interventions in Aging. - 1176-9092 .- 1178-1998. ; 15, s. 195-205
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that mainly occurs in old age and involves progressive cognitive impairment. AD has become a major global issue for public health, with approximately 24 million people currently affected by the disease. Estimates indicted that this number will quadruple by 2050. Because of the high incidence of AD, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies to diagnose and treat AD. Many recent studies have indicated the multiple, yet somewhat controversial, roles of exosomes in AD. Although the underlying mechanisms by which exosomes play a role in AD are still unknown, current evidence suggests that exosomes can carry and spread toxic amyloid-beta, and hyperphosphorylated tau, between cells, and then induce apoptosis, thus contributing to the loss of neurons. In addition, exosomes appear to possess the ability to reduce brain amyloid-beta, and tau hyperphosphorylation, and transfer neuroprotective substances between neural cells. The accumulating data brings hope that the application of exosomes may be helpful for early diagnostics and the identification of new therapeutic targets for AD. Here, we summarized the various roles of exosomes, and how they might relate to the pathogenesis of AD. We also highlight the potential application of exosomes as a therapeutic option in AD therapy.
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