| 1. |
- Adl-Zarrabi, Bijan, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Safe and Sustainable Coastal Highway Route E39
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 14, s. 3350-3359
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The project “Coastal Highway Route E39” have a mandate to, investigate how infrastructure can exploit renewable energy to reduce environmental footprint. Three PhD projects were initiated on this subject at Chalmers University of Technology by Norwegian public road administration. Results in this paper conclude that (1) Life Cycle Assessment should have a geographical dimension with respect to assumptions and input data, (2) there are substantial potential to reduce the CO2 emissions from the E39, especially when considering an electrification, and (3) the harvested energy from hydronic pavement system can be enough for maintaining ice-free roads in Nordic countries.
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| 2. |
- Ebrahimi, Babak, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Road Pavements: Comparing the Quality and Point of Application of Existing Software Tools on the basis of a Norwegian Case Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: CIB World Building Congress 2016. - 1797-8904. - 9789521537455 ; 5:Tampere, s. 749-760
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various software tools have been developed to evaluate the life cycle performances of roads toprovide decision supports for road authorities and contractors. It is therefore important to comparethe strengths and limitations of these software tools to understand the appropriate application andto identify the points for optimization. This study evaluated EFFEKT 6.6, EKA, and LICCERsoftware tools, by applying the environmental life cycle assessment following the ISO 14040standard. The assessment was based on an open-air road (excluding tunnels and bridges) with afunctional unit of one kilometer and greenhouse gas emissions as well as embodied energyindicators were evaluated in the considered software tools. The open-air road was modeled foreach software tool with respects to road class H9 characteristic in Norway, classed as a nationalroad. The assessment showed that the system boundary and purpose of use differed between theconsidered software tools. This resulted in performing the assessment only over A1 – 4 and B6modules according to EN 15978 standard for the hypothetical open-air road to provide acomparable boundary condition. The results demonstrated that EFFEKT overall yielded highervalues for greenhouse gas emissions and embodied energy compared to the two other softwaretools, while, the three software tools quantified nearly the same amount of asphalt use within the20-year analysis period.
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| 3. |
- Vignisdottir, Hrefna Run, et al.
(författare)
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Life Cycle assessment of Anti- and De-icing Operations in Norway
- 2016
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Ingår i: CIB World Building Congress 2016. - 1797-8904. - 9789521537448 ; 4:Tampere, s. 13-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During winter maintenance in Norway 2014-2015, 225 445 tonnes of chemicals were used and 1 610 000 km driven while removing snow and ice on national and state roads. Despite this significant amount of chemicals and distance, winter maintenance is often omitted from current environmental studies of roads and transportation. Current studies focus primarily on vehicles, fuel technology and construction activities. This focus has been based on the fact that these are the largest source of emissions from road transportation. However, as vehicle and fuel technology advances and have less impact per unit, other aspects of transportation, such as maintenance and operation of infrastructure become increasingly important and should be included in LCA studies of roads in cold climates. In this study, life cycle analysis (LCA) is used to estimate the environmental impacts of the production, transport and distribution of chemicals during winter maintenance in Norway. The study is based on reported quantities for winter maintenance during an average winter between 2010-2015. The functional unit is set as anti- and de-icing operations on national and state roads per km during winter an average winter from 2010 through 2014. The results show that environmental impacts from winter maintenanceare significant, and thus we argue that winter maintenance should be included in LCA of roads in cold climates. Further investigations on current winter maintenance methods and future options are to be conducted in order to avoid solving one problem while creating another one (problem shifting) during policy development.
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