| 1. |
- Ringberg, Anita, et al.
(author)
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Histopathological risk factors for ipsilateral breast events after breast conserving treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast--results from the Swedish randomised trial.
- 2007
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In: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 43:2, s. 291-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: The primary aims were to study risk factors for an ipsilateral breast event (IBE) after sector resection for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) in a trial comparing adjuvant radiotherapy to no therapy and to assess predictive factors for response to radiotherapy. Secondary aims were to analyse reproducibility of the histopathological evaluation and to estimate correctness of diagnosis in the trial. SETTING: A randomised trial in Sweden (the SweDCIS trial), including 1046 women with a median of 5.2 years of follow-up in a population, offered routine mammographic screening. METHODS: A case-cohort design with a total of 161 cases of IBE (42 of those being members of the subcohort) and 284 sampled for the sub-cohort. Ninety five percent of the participants' slides could be retrieved and were re-evaluated by three experienced pathologists. RESULTS: Low nuclear grade (NG 1-2) and absence of necrosis halves the risk of IBE in both irradiated and non-irradiated patients. Lesion size, margins of excision and age at diagnosis did not modify these associations. The presence of necrosis modified the effect of radiotherapy: relative risk was 0.40 with necrosis present and 0.07 with necrosis absent (p-value for interaction 0.068). In all subsets of prognostic factors, radiotherapy conferred a substantial benefit. The risk factors for in situ and invasive IBE were similar. The agreement between pathologists was moderate (kappa=0.486). Correctness of diagnosis in the subcohort of SweDCIS was 84.8%. CONCLUSION: Although nuclear grade and necrosis carry prognostic information, we could not define a group with very low risk after sector resection alone. Radiotherapy has a protective effect in all substrata of risk factors studied. The interaction between the presence of necrosis and radiotherapy is a clinically and biologically relevant research area.
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| 3. |
- Öhrling, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Student nurses' lived experience of preceptorship. Part 2--the preceptor-preceptee relationship
- 2000
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In: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - 1873-491X .- 0020-7489. ; 37:1, s. 25-36
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Student nurses' experience of preceptorship was the focus of this second part of a phenomenological study. The aim was to illuminate student nurses' lived experience of the preceptor-preceptee relationship on hospital wards. A phenomenological-hermeneutic analysis was made of tape-recorded interviews with seventeen student nurses. The interpretation process culminated in four themes, namely: (a) creating space for learning; (b) providing concrete illustrations; (c) exercising control and (d) seeking reflection. Each theme included sub-themes with internal variations. The theme 'creating space for learning' was understood as basic in relation to the other themes and as the foundation of student learning and preceptoring. The ongoing process of preceptoring meant that the preceptors acted as role models, were with the students and also exercised control. Control was directed both to patient safety and to student learning. The students' 'seeking reflection' included attempts to find peace and quiet either by themselves or with the preceptor. The reflection together with the preceptor facilitated the students' transformation of knowledge, from the specific situation to a general knowledge and increased the value of learning.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Jakob, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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The Big Picture: Large-Scale Trends in the Distribution and Composition of the Cuneiform Corpus
- 2020
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Histories of the ancient world are founded on the assumption that historical documents are products of unique circumstances of production, deposition, and preservation, unlikely to be repeated and therefore particular in nature. The idiographic position of the written word as a source of knowledge about the past rests upon this notion of uniqueness and exclusivity, as opposed to the omnipresence and perceived vulgarity of material culture. Counting a conservative half million individual texts, the cuneiform corpus ranks among the largest discrete bodies of writing from the ancient world. This plethora of records, its noticeable diversity of genres, and its impressive temporal and spatial extent suggest regularity, rather than coincidence, in its formation and distribution as a historical artefact. Yet, because of its immense size and extreme temporal and spatial spread, no attempt has ever been made to map this corpus in full.This paper introduces the structure, programme, and preliminary observations of a three-year research project at Uppsala University which aims to produce an updated, global survey of cuneiform inscriptions in collaboration with existing text catalogues and data repositories. Harnessing GIS-aided remote sensing and spatial analysis coupled with digital humanities research tools, the project aims to explore our newfound technological ability to accurately capture, assess, and quantify the material imprint of this immense corpus. In so doing, the project will aim to make available an updated suite of attribute, spatial, and temporal metadata resources for free dissemination and reuse, as well as dedicated studies of corpus composition, linguistic landscapes, and the materiality of texts.
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| 6. |
- Bateman, R J, et al.
(author)
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Plasma Biomarkers of AD Emerging as Essential Tools for Drug Development: An EU/US CTAD Task Force Report.
- 2019
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In: The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease. - : SERDI. - 2426-0266 .- 2274-5807. ; 6:3, s. 169-173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is an urgent need to develop reliable and sensitive blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that can be used for screening and to increase the efficiency of clinical trials. The European Union-North American Clinical Trials in Alzheimer's Disease Task Force (EU/US CTAD Task Force) discussed the current status of blood-based AD biomarker development at its 2018 annual meeting in Barcelona, Spain. Recent improvements in technologies to assess plasma levels of amyloid beta indicate that a single sample of blood could provide an accurate estimate of brain amyloid positivity. Plasma neurofilament light protein appears to provide a good marker of neurodegeneration, although not specific for AD. Plasma tau shows some promising results but weak or no correlation with CSF tau levels, which may reflect rapid clearance of tau in the bloodstream. Blood samples analyzed using -omics and other approaches are also in development and may provide important insight into disease mechanisms as well as biomarker profiles for disease prediction. To advance these technologies, international multidisciplinary, multi-stakeholder collaboration is essential.
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| 7. |
- Bergenudd, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Solvent Effects on ATRP of Oligo(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate. Exploring the Limits of Control
- 2009
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In: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 42:9, s. 3302-3308
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Five copper complexes in combination with six monomer-solvent mixtures have been used to investigate the solvent effects oil ATRP of oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA). The redox properties of the copper complexes in OEGMA-solvent mixtures and the apparent rate constants (k(p)(app)) for ATRP of OEGMA were correlated to the degree of control over the polymerizations. Based on this correlation, a general discussion of the limits of control in ATRIP is carried out. One of the key parameters for control in ATRP is the propagation rate constant, making the choice of monomer essential for the design of ail ATRP system. Also, the solvent effects oil the ATRP equilibrium constant (K-ATRP) affect the limit of control (i.e., the apparent rate constant above which control is lost). The choice of copper complex is also more important than the choice of solvent for the design of a well-controlled ATRP system.
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| 8. |
- Blidberg, K, et al.
(author)
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Chemokine release by neutrophils in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2012
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In: Innate immunity. - : SAGE Publications. - 1753-4267 .- 1753-4259. ; 18:3, s. 503-510
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neutrophils are among the first cells to arrive at the site of injury. Chemokines secreted by neutrophils affect the migration of both neutrophils and other inflammatory cells, such as monocytes. It has been reported that LPS-induced release of IL-8 (CXCL-8) by neutrophils is amplified by neutrophil-derived TNF-α. We hypothesize that chemokine release by neutrophils is altered in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with healthy controls and that TNF-α may be involved in this alteration. Peripheral blood neutrophils isolated from smokers with COPD ( n = 12), smokers without COPD ( n = 12) and healthy, non-smokers ( n = 12) were stimulated with LPS, TNF-α or organic dust. Anti-TNF-α Ab (infliximab) was used to study the effect of neutrophil-derived TNF-α. Release of CXCL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α (MIP-1α, CCL-3), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL-2) and TNF-α was measured. Neutrophils spontaneously released CXCL-8, CCL-2 and CCL-3. Inhibition of TNF-α reduced the spontaneous release of CXCL-8 and CCL-3. Stimulation with LPS and organic dust increased the release of CXCL-8 and CCL-3 (but not CCL-2) which was reduced by inhibition of TNF-α. In the COPD group, inhibition of TNF-α failed to inhibit the release of LPS-induced CXCL-8. The role of neutrophils as cytokine and chemokine producers was confirmed. Neutrophil-derived TNF-α contributed to the release of chemokines after stimulation with LPS and organic dust, as the response was inhibited by infliximab. In the COPD group, infliximab did not significantly inhibit the release of CXCL-8, suggesting that the role of TNF-α is altered in COPD.
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