| 1. |
- Engstrand Lilja, Helene, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Intestinal dysbiosis in children with short bowel syndrome is associated with impaired outcome
- 2015
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In: Microbiome. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2049-2618. ; 3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The composition of the intestinal microbiota seems to be an important factor in determining the clinical outcome in children with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Alterations in the microbiota may result in serious complications such as small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) and intestinal mucosal inflammation that lead to prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) dependency with subsequently increased risk of liver failure and sepsis. To date, there are no reported mappings of the intestinal microbiome in children with SBS. Here, we present the first report on the intestinal microbial community profile in children with SBS. Findings: The study includes children diagnosed with SBS in the neonatal period. Healthy siblings served as controls. Fecal samples were collected, and microbial profiles were analyzed by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. We observed a pronounced microbial dysbiosis in children with SBS on PN treatment with an increased and totally dominating relative abundance of Enterobacteriacae in four out of five children compared to children with SBS weaned from PN and healthy siblings. Conclusions: The overall decreased bacterial diversity in children with SBS is consistent with intestinal microbiome mappings in inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Our findings indicate that intestinal dysbiosis in children with SBS is associated with prolonged PN dependency.
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| 2. |
- Fredriksson, Fanny, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Sutures impregnated with carbazate-activated polyvinyl alcohol reduce intraperitoneal adhesions
- 2017
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In: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3468 .- 1531-5037. ; 52:11, s. 1853-1858
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Intraperitoneal adhesions cause significant morbidity. They occur after peritoneal trauma, which induces oxidative stress with production of inflammatory cytokines, peroxidized proteins (carbonyls) and lipids (aldehydes). This study aimed to investigate if carbazate-activated polyvinyl alcohol (PVAC), an aldehyde-carbonyl inhibitor, can reduce intraperitoneal adhesions in an experimental model.Material and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 110) underwent laparotomy, cecal abrasion and construction of a small bowel anastomosis. They either were treated with intraperitoneal instillation of PVAC or were sutured with PVAC-impregnated sutures. Thromboelastography analysis was performed using human blood and PVAC. The lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-6 were quantified in peritoneal fluid. At day 7, bursting pressure of the anastomosis was measured and adhesions were blindly scored.Results: PVAC in human blood decreased the production of the fibrin-thrombocyte mesh without affecting the coagulation cascade. MDA, IL-1 beta and IL-6 were increased after 6 h without significant difference between the groups. PVAC-impregnated sutures reduced intraperitoneal adhesions compared to controls (p = 0.0406) while intraperitoneal instillation of PVAC had no effect. Anastomotic bursting pressure was unchanged.Conclusions: Intervention with an aldehyde-carbonyl inhibitor locally in the wound by PVAC-impregnated sutures might be a new strategy to reduce intraperitoneal adhesions.
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| 3. |
- Pammi, Mohan, et al.
(author)
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Intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants preceding necrotizing enterocolitis : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2017
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In: Microbiome. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 2049-2618. ; 5
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a catastrophic disease of preterm infants, and microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Studies evaluating the microbiome in NEC and preterm infants lack power and have reported inconsistent results. Methods and results: Our objectives were to perform a systematic review and meta-analyses of stool microbiome profiles in preterm infants to discern and describe microbial dysbiosis prior to the onset of NEC and to explore heterogeneity among studies. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and conference abstracts from the proceedings of Pediatric Academic Societies and reference lists of relevant identified articles in April 2016. Studies comparing the intestinal microbiome in preterm infants who developed NEC to those of controls, using cultureindependent molecular techniques and reported a and beta-diversity metrics, and microbial profiles were included. In addition, 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequence data with clinical meta-data were requested from the authors of included studies or searched in public data repositories. We reprocessed the 16S rRNA sequence data through a uniform analysis pipeline, which were then synthesized by meta-analysis. We included 14 studies in this review, and data from eight studies were available for quantitative synthesis (106 NEC cases, 278 controls, 2944 samples). The age of NEC onset was at a mean +/- SD of 30.1 +/- 2.4 weeks post-conception (n = 61). Fecal microbiome from preterm infants with NEC had increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria and decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes prior to NEC onset. Alpha-or beta-diversity indices in preterm infants with NEC were not consistently different from controls, but we found differences in taxonomic profiles related to antibiotic exposure, formula feeding, and mode of delivery. Exploring heterogeneity revealed differences in microbial profiles by study and the target region of the 16S rRNA gene (V1-V3 or V3-V5). Conclusions: Microbial dysbiosis preceding NEC in preterm infants is characterized by increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria and decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Microbiome optimization may provide a novel strategy for preventing NEC.
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| 4. |
- Al-Mashhadi, Ammar Nadhom Farman, et al.
(author)
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Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma presenting in a child as a perineal mass
- 2019
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In: Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports. - : ELSEVIER. - 2213-5766. ; 47
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (RMH) is a rare hamartomatous lesion in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It is mostly found in the face and neck region of children. We report a case of solitary RMH located in the perineum of an 8-month-old boy. Microscopic examination of specimen showed a disordered collection of mature adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, adnexal elements and nerve bundles, and immunohistochemistry confirmed a RMH. This case emphasizes the possibility of RMH in the perineum of the children. Even if RMH is a rare condition in the perineum it should be considered as a differential diagnosis of a perineal mass in children.
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| 5. |
- Donoso, Felipe, et al.
(author)
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Outcome and management in infants with esophageal atresia : a single centre observational study
- 2016
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In: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3468 .- 1531-5037. ; 51:9, s. 1421-1425
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/Purpose: A successful outcome in the repair of esophageal atresia (EA) is associated with a high quality pediatric surgical centre, however there are several controversies regarding the optimal management. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome and management EA in a single pediatric surgical centre.Methods: Medical records of infants with repaired EA from 1994 to 2013 were reviewed.Results: 129 infants were included. Median follow-up was 5.3 (range 0.1-21) years. Overall survival was 94.6%, incidences of anastomotic leakage 7.0%, recurrent fistula 4.6% and anastomotic stricture 53.5% (36.2% within first year). In long gap EA (n = 13), delayed primary anastomosis was performed in 9 (69.2%), gastric tube in 3 (23.1%) and gastric transposition in one (7.7%) infants. The incidences of anastomotic leakage and stricture in long gap EA were, 23.1% and 69.2%, respectively. Peroperative tracheobronchoscopy and postoperative esophagography were implemented as a routine during the study-period, but chest drains were routinely abandoned.Conclusion: The outcome in this study is fully comparable with recent international reports showing a low mortality but a significant morbidity, especially considering anastomotic strictures and LGEA. Multicenter EA registry with long-term follow up may help to establish best management of EA.
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| 6. |
- Donoso, Felipe, et al.
(author)
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Risk Factors for Anastomotic Strictures after Esophageal Atresia Repair : Prophylactic Proton Pump Inhibitors Do Not Reduce the Incidence of Strictures
- 2017
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In: European journal of pediatric surgery. - : GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG. - 0939-7248 .- 1439-359X. ; 27:1, s. 50-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Since 2005, infants with esophageal atresia (EA) in our unit are given prophylactic proton pump inhibitors (PPI) after repair until 1 year of age. The aims of this study were to identify risk factors for anastomotic strictures (AS) and to assess the efficacy of postoperative PPI prophylaxis in reducing the incidence of AS compared with symptomatic PPI. Methods Patients who underwent EA repair from 1994 to 2013 in our unit were included in this retrospective observational study approved by the local ethics review board. They were divided into two subgroups; symptomatic PPI-group with EA repair from 1994 to 2004 and prophylactic PPI-group with EA repair from 2005 to 2013. Data were collected from the patient records. Potential risk factors for AS analyzed were gender, long gap EA, birth weight, premature birth (< 37 gestational weeks), anastomotic tension, and anastomotic leakage. Number of dilatations until the age of 1 and 5 years were recorded. To evaluate risk factors for AS and the effect of prophylactic PPI Logistic, Cox and Poisson regression models were used. For descriptive statistics Fisher exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used. Results A total of 128 patients were included. Patient characteristics, surgical method, grading of anastomotic tension, complications, and survival rates did not differ significantly between the symptomatic PPI-group (n = 71) and the prophylactic PPI-group (n = 57). Comparing the symptomatic and prophylactic PPI-group, there was no significant difference in the median age at the first AS (9.3 vs 6 mo), the number of dilatations until 1 year (2 vs 2) and 5 years (5 vs 4), or the incidence of anastomotic stricture (56.5% vs 50.9%). Long gap EA, high birth weight, and anastomotic tension were found to be independent risk factors. Conclusion Surgeons should aim to perform anastomosis under less tension at EA repair. Prophylactic PPI-treatment does not appear to reduce the rate of AS. Randomized controlled trials with larger study populations are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic PPI.
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| 7. |
- Fredriksson, Fanny, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Adhesive small bowel obstruction after laparotomy during infancy
- 2016
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In: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 103:3, s. 284-289
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Intra-abdominal adhesions can cause adhesive small bowel obstruction, chronic abdominal pain and female infertility. Reports on long-term outcomes following laparotomy during infancy are scarce. The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for long-term adhesive small bowel obstruction and associated morbidity after laparotomy during infancy.METHODS: Infants who underwent laparotomy between 1976 and 2011 were identified. Data were extracted from medical records and a questionnaire was sent to the patients.RESULTS: Some 898 of 1185 eligible patients were included, with a median follow-up time of 14·7 (range 0·0-36·0) years. Median age at first laparotomy was 6 (range 1·0-365·0) days. There were 113 patients (12·6 per cent) with adhesive small bowel obstruction who underwent relaparotomy, 79 (69·9 per cent) occurring during the first 2 years after the initial laparotomy. The highest incidence of small bowel obstruction was found in patients with Hirschsprung's disease (19 of 65, 29 per cent), malrotation (13 of 45, 29 per cent), intestinal atresia (11 of 40, 28 per cent) and necrotizing enterocolitis (16 of 64, 25 per cent). Lengthy duration of surgery (hazard ratio (HR) 1·25, 95 per cent c.i. 1·07 to 1·45), stoma formation (HR 1·72, 1·15 to 2·56) and postoperative complications (HR 1·81, 1·12 to 2·92) were independent risk factors. Chronic abdominal pain was reported in 180 (24·0 per cent) of 750 patients, and 17 (13·8 per cent) of 123 women reported infertility.CONCLUSION: The incidence of adhesive small bowel obstruction after laparotomy in infants is high.
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| 8. |
- Fredriksson, Fanny, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Survival rates for surgically treated necrotising enterocolitis have improved over the last four decades
- 2019
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : WILEY. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:9, s. 1603-1608
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim Improved survival rates for premature infants have also increased the population at risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). This study evaluated the outcomes of surgically treated NEC and identified risk factors for mortality, intestinal failure (IF) and IF associated liver disease (IFALD). Methods This was a retrospective observational study of 131 infants with surgically treated NEC from 1976 to 2016 in a Swedish tertiary referral centre: 20 in 1976-1996, 33 in 1997-2006 and 78 in 2007-2016. Data were extracted from medical records, and the Cox regression model was used to identify risk factors. Results When the first and last periods were compared, they showed decreases in both gestational age, from 30 to 26 weeks, and mortality rates, from 45% to 29%. IF was found in 67 patients (56%), IFALD in 41 patients (34%) and short bowel syndrome (SBS) in 13 (19%). The incidence of IF was high, even in infants without SBS. Low gestational age was an independent risk factor for mortality. No risk factors were identified for IF or IFALD. Conclusion Survival rates for NEC improved from 1976-2016, despite a decrease in gestational age. Clinicians should be particularly aware of the risk of infants without SBS developing IF.
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| 9. |
- Hambraeus, Mette, et al.
(author)
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Functional outcome and health-related quality of life in patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma – a Swedish multicenter study
- 2019
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In: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3468 .- 1531-5037. ; 54:8, s. 1638-1643
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate bowel and urinary tract function, to identify predictors for dysfunctional outcome and to evaluate health-related quality-of life (QoL) in patients treated for sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT). Methods: Medical records of patients with SCT born between 1985 and 2015 treated at three Swedish pediatric surgical centers were reviewed. Questionnaires regarding urinary tract function, bowel function and QoL were sent to patients and parents. Different QoL instruments were used for the different age groups. Results: Totally 85 patients were identified. Four patients died in the neonatal period. Forty-nine patients answered the questionnaires (60%). Median age at follow-up was 8.9 years (range 3.6–28.8). Bowel dysfunction was reported by 36% and urinary tract dysfunction by 46% of the patients. Univariate analysis revealed that urinary tract dysfunction correlated with gestational age (p = 0.018) and immature histology (p = 0.008), and bowel dysfunction correlated with gestational age (p = 0.016) and tumor size (p = 0.042). Low gestational age was an independent predictor for both urinary tract and bowel dysfunction. Good or very good QoL was reported by 56% of children aged 4–7 years, 90% of children aged 8–17 years and 67% of the adults. Conclusion: Although a considerable proportion of bowel and urinary tract dysfunction was found, the reported QoL was good in a majority of the patients with SCT. Low gestational age was found to be a predictor for bowel- and urinary tract dysfunction. Level of Evidence: Level III.
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| 10. |
- Högberg, Niclas, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Intestinal intraluminal glycerol and plasma I-FABP levels in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis
- 2016
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In: Clinics in Surgery. ; 1:1085, s. 1-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/Purpose: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is highly associated with prematurity and is characterized by bowel necrosis and multi-organ failure. There is a strong need for improved diagnostic methods to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality associated with NEC. The aim of this single centre prospective study was to investigate the possibility to detect early signs of NEC, by using rectal intraluminal microdialysis and plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) in preterm infants admitted to a level III neonatal intensive care unit.Methods: The study was performed on extremely preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 28 weeks. During a 4-week period after birth, rectal intraluminal microdialysate levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glycerol were measured, and plasma was collected for I-FABP analysis. Infants not developing NEC served as controls. Results: Microdialysis revealed signs of intestinal hypoxic or ischemic damage and cell membrane degradation, with a marked increase of both intraluminal glycerol and plasma I-FABP in infants developing NEC, as well as in infants suffering from other complications. The microdialysate levels of glucose, lactate and pyruvate were too low to be evaluated in this setting. All infants tolerated the microdialysis well without any complications.Conclusion: Elevated levels of intraluminal glycerol and plasma I-FABP suggests mucosal cell membrane degradation and hypoxic or ischemic damage in preterm infants developing NEC, as well as in preterm infants suffering from other complications such as volvulus, sepsis or respiratory distress. However, it was not possible to predict development of NEC before clinical diagnosis using these markers.
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