| 1. |
- Faxén Irving, Gerd, et al.
(author)
-
Lukt, smak och aptit
- 2016
-
In: Geratrisk nutrition. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. ; :2, s. 67-78
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 2. |
- Eriksdotter, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles in Relation to Cognition and Gender in Alzheimer's Disease Patients During Oral Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation : The OmegAD Study
- 2015
-
In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 48:3, s. 805-812
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: ω3 fatty acids (ω3 FAs) may slow the rate of decline in cognitive performance in mild forms of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship between changes of plasma ω3 FA levels and cognitive performance, as well as effects of gender, are poorly known.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of 6-month administration of DHA-rich ω3 FA supplementation on plasma FA profiles in patients with mild to moderate AD in relation to cognitive performance and gender. This investigation is part of the OmegAD Study.METHODS: 174 AD patients (74 ± 9 years) were randomized to a daily intake of 2.3 g ω3 FA or placebo for 6 months; subsequently all received the ω3 FA preparation for the next 6 months. Baseline as well as changes in plasma levels of the main ω3 FAs in 165 patients, while receiving ω3 FA supplementation for 6 months, were analyzed for association to cognitive performance (assessed by ADAS-cog and MMSE scores) as well as to gender.RESULTS: Preservation of cognitive functioning, assessed by ADAS-cog or its sub-items (but not MMSE) scores, was significantly associated to increasing plasma ω3 FA levels over time. Thus, the higher ω3 FA plasma levels rose, the lower was the rate of cognitive deterioration. This effect was not related to gender; since although females displayed higher ω3 FA plasma levels than did males after 6 months of supplementation, this difference disappeared when adjusted for body weight.CONCLUSIONS: Since our study suggests dose-response relationships between plasma levels of ω3 FA and preservation of cognition, future ω3 FA trials in patients with mild AD should consider exploring graded (and body weight adjusted) doses of ω3 FA.
|
|
| 3. |
- Faxen-Irving, Gerd, et al.
(author)
-
Does Fatty Acid Composition in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Differ between Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Cohabiting Proxies?
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 61:2, s. 515-519
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low tissue levels of the major marine ω3 fatty acids (FAs) DHA and EPA are found in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated if healthy proxies to AD patients have higher levels of these ω3 FAs. We observed lower levels of EPA and DHA in subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies from 64 AD patients compared with 16 cognitively healthy proxies. No significant difference was observed when pairwise comparisons were made between a subset of 16 AD patients and their co-habiting proxies. Larger studies are needed to replicate these findings and to determine if they could depend on FA intake or differences in metabolism.
|
|
| 4. |
- Faxén Irving, Gerd, et al.
(author)
-
Geriatrisk nutrition
- 2016. - 2
-
Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Geriatrisk nutrition utkom första gången 2010. Denna bok är en reviderad upplaga, som har förändrats på flera sätt både avseendeinnehåll, struktur och lay-out. Boken riktar sig både till studenter inom olika vårdutbildningar och till yrkesverksamma inomvård och omsorg av äldre. Den har ambitionen att ge en förståelse för hur åldrandet påverkar kroppens funktioner och hälsan.Fokus i boken ligger på mat, näring och nutrition och de specifika nutritionsproblem som följer med åldrandet. Boken vill ävenge en medicinsk bakgrund till olika sjukdomar som är vanliga hos äldre, vilket är förutsättningen för att förstå sjukdomsspecifiknutritionsbehandling. Boken tar också upp regelverk, organisation och kvalitet samt etiska och kulturella aspekter på nutritionsomhändertagandeav äldre. Helt nytt är ett kapitel om centrala begrepp och termer samt ett separat kapitel om kulturella aspekteroch ett utökat avsnitt som behandlar D vitamin. Boken är faktagranskad av personer med specifika kompetenser inom olikaområden som boken tar upp.
|
|
| 5. |
- Faxén Irving, Gerd, et al.
(author)
-
Lukt, smak och aptit
- 2016. - 2
-
In: Geratrisk nutrition. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144099965 ; , s. 67-78
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 6. |
- Grönstedt, Helena, et al.
(author)
-
A study protocol of Older Person's Exercise and Nutrition Study (OPEN) - a sit-to-stand activity combined with oral protein supplement - effects on physical function and independence : a cluster randomized clinical trial
- 2018
-
In: BMC Geriatrics. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1471-2318. ; 18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Poor nutrition and age per see add to the development of sarcopenia, i.e. loss of muscle mass and strength, which contributes to increased risk of impaired activities of daily living (ADL) and reduced independence. Protein deficiency plays an important role in the development of sarcopenia. In order to increase the muscle mass protein intake should be combined with physical exercise. A daily physical activity, the sit-to-stand exercise, has been proven to decrease older persons' dependence in ADL. Our study aims to evaluate the effects of the sit-to-stand exercise in combination with a protein-rich nutritional supplement, on physical function and independence in frail nursing home residents. The resident's perceptions and experiences of the intervention and the staff's experiences of supporting the resident to complete the intervention will also be explored.Methods: The study is a two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial which will be performed in nursing homes at two municipalities in Sweden. We will recruit 120 residents, age 75 or older and able to stand up from a seated position. Residents (n = 60) randomized to the intervention group will perform the sit-to-stand exercise at four occasions daily and will be offered a protein-rich oral supplement, twice a day. The intervention period will last for 12 weeks and measures of physical function, nutritional status, quality of life and health economy will be performed at baseline and at 12-weeks follow-up. The primary outcome will be the number of chair rises performed in 30 s. The control group will receive standard care. Data will be analysed by intention-to-treat analysis and with mixed effect models. During the last part of the intervention period individual interviews with the residents, on the topic of feasibility with the OPEN concept will be held. Likewise, focus-group-interviews with staff will be performed.Discussion: The residents' physical and mental health could be expected to improve. Even the work situation for staff could be positively affected. One innovative feature of the OPEN study is the simple intervention consisting of a basic daily activity that can be performed by several nursing home residents with the support of existing staff and available resources.
|
|
| 7. |
- Hedman, Sanna, et al.
(author)
-
Individually prescribed diet is fundamental to optimize nutritional treatment in geriatric patients
- 2016
-
In: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 35:3, s. 692-698
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background & aimsMalnutrition is a well-recognized problem in geriatric patients. Individually prescribed diet is fundamental to optimize nutritional treatment in geriatric patients. The objective of this study was to investigate routines regarding dietary prescriptions and monitoring of food intake in geriatric patients and to see how well the prescribed diet conforms to the patients' nutritional status and ability to eat. A further aim was to identify the most common reasons and factors interacting with patients not finishing a complete meal.MethodsThis study combines two methods using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Patients (n = 43; 82.5 ± 7.5 yrs; 60% females) at four geriatric wards performed a two-day dietary record, assisted by a dietician. Nurses and assistant nurses at each ward participated in a semi-structured interview regarding prescription of diets and portion size for the patients.ResultsThe prescribed diet differed significantly (P < 0.01) from a diet based upon the patient's nutritional status and ability to eat. Only 30% of the patients were prescribed an energy-enriched diet in contrast to 60% that was in need of it. The most common reason for not finishing the meal was lack of appetite. Diet prescription for the patient was based upon information about eating difficulties identified in the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) at admission and the type of diet that was prescribed on a previous ward. Monitoring of the patients' food intake was described as a continuous process discussed daily between the staff.ConclusionPatients' nutritional status and to what extent they were able to eat a complete meal was not routinely considered when prescribing food and monitoring food intake in this study. By making use of this information the diet could be tailored to the patients' needs, thereby improving their nutritional treatment.
|
|
| 8. |
- Jernerén, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
-
Homocysteine Status Modifies the Treatment Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cognition in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease : The OmegAD Study
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 69:1, s. 189-197
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Trials of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (omega 3-FAs) in patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease (AD) have produced inconsistent effects on cognitive decline. There is evidence of an interaction between B vitamin status and omega 3-FAs in relation to brain atrophy and cognitive decline.Objective: We investigated whether baseline levels of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), a marker of B vitamin status, modify the effects of omega 3-FAs supplementation on cognitive performance in moderate AD.Methods: This post hoc analysis of the OmegAD trial included 171 community-based patients with AD (MMSE >= 15): 88 patients received daily doses of 1.7 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.6 g eicosapentaenoic acid for 6 months. Treatment outcome on cognition was analyzed according to baseline levels of tHcy using a general linear model and ANCOVA.Results: We found significant interactions between omega 3-FA supplementation and tHcy on cognition and clinical stage assessed by MMSE (p = 0.040), global CDR (p = 0.059), and CDRsob (p = 0.023), but not on ADAS-cog (p = 0.649). In patients with tHcy levels <11.7 mu mol/L, omega 3-FA supplementation improved cognitive performance as measured by MMSE (+7.1%, 95% CI: 0.59 to 13.7%, p = 0.033) and clinical status as measured by CDRsob (-22.3%, 95% CI: -5.8 to -38.7%, p = 0.009) compared with placebo.Conclusion: The effect of omega 3-FA supplementation on MMSE and CDR appears to be influenced by baseline tHcy, suggesting that adequate B vitamin status is required to obtain beneficial effects of omega 3-FA on cognition.
|
|
| 9. |
- Karimi, Mohsen, et al.
(author)
-
DHA-rich n-3 fatty acid supplementation decreases DNA methylation in blood leukocytes : the OmegAD study
- 2017
-
In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : HighWire Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 106:4, s. 1157-1165
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Dietary fish oils, rich in long-chain n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (FAs) [e.g., docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3)], modulate inflammatory reactions through various mechanisms, including gene expression, which is measured as messenger RNA concentration. However, the effects of long-term treatment of humans with DHA and EPA on various epigenetic factors-such as DNA methylation, which controls messenger RNA generation-are poorly described.Objective: We wanted to determine the effects of 6 mo of dietary supplementation with an n-3 FA preparation rich in DHA on global DNA methylation of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and the relation to plasma EPA and DHA concentrations in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients.Design: In the present study, DNA methylation in four 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' (CpG) sites of long interspersed nuclear element-1 repetitive sequences was assessed in a group of 63 patients (30 given the n-3 FA preparation and 33 given placebo) as an estimation of the global DNA methylation in blood cells. Patients originated from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled OmegAD study, in which 174 AD patients received either 1.7 g DHA and 0.6 g EPA (the n-3 FA group) or placebo daily for 6 mo.Results: At 6 mo, the n-3 FA group displayed marked increases in DHA and EPA plasma concentrations (2.6- and 3.5-fold), as well as decreased methylation in 2 out of 4 CpG sites (P < 0.05 for all), respectively. This hypomethylation in CpG2 and CpG4 sites showed a reverse correlation to changes in plasma EPA concentration (r = -0.25, P = 0.045; and r = -0.26, P = 0.041, respectively), but not to changes in plasma DHA concentration, and were not related to apolipoprotein E-4 allele frequency.Conclusion: Supplementation with n-3 FA for 6 mo was associated with global DNA hypomethylation in PBLs. Our data may be of importance in measuring various effects of marine oils, including gene expression, in patients with AD and in other patients taking n-3 FA supplements. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00211159.
|
|
| 10. |
- Shakersain, Behnaz, et al.
(author)
-
An Active Lifestyle Reinforces the Effect of a Healthy Diet on Cognitive Function : A Population-Based Longitudinal Study
- 2018
-
In: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 10:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The joint effect of diet and leisure activity on cognitive function remains unknown. We aimed to verify the hypothesis that an active lifestyle reinforces the effect of the Nordic Prudent Dietary Pattern (NPDP) on cognitive function. A total of 2223 dementia-free Swedish adults aged 60 with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores 27 were followed for an average of 6 years. MMSE was tested during follow-ups. Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. The NPDP index was calculated and tertiled (low, moderate, and high adherence). Participation in physical, mental and social activities was trichotomised (low, moderate, and intense). An active lifestyle was defined based on the participation in each activity. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects models. Moderate-to-high adherence to NPDP was associated with a reduced decline in the MMSE score (: 0.19, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.14-0.24). This association became stronger when combined with moderate-to-intense physical (: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.2-0.45), mental (: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.21-0.37), or social (: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.19-0.34) activities. An active lifestyle strengthened the effect of NPDP on cognitive function by two times, and further lowered risk of MMSE decline by 30%. Thus, an active lifestyle reinforces the effect of a healthy diet on preserved cognitive function, and further decreases the risk of cognitive decline.
|
|
