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- Aylward, E H, et al.
(author)
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Caudate volume as an outcome measure in clinical trials for Huntington's disease : a pilot study.
- 2003
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In: Brain Research Bulletin. - 0361-9230 .- 1873-2747. ; 62:2, s. 137-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous research has demonstrated that longitudinal change in caudate volume could be observed over a period of 3 years in subjects with Huntington's disease (HD). The current pilot study was designed to determine whether measurement of caudate change on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a feasible and valid outcome measure in an actual clinical trial situation. We measured caudate volumes on pre- and post-treatment MRI scans from 19 patients at two sites who were participating in CARE-HD (Co-enzyme Q10 and Remacemide: Evaluation in Huntington's Disease), a 30-month clinical trial of remacemide and co-enzyme Q(10) in symptomatic patients with HD. Results from this pilot study indicated that decrease in caudate volume was significant over time. Power analysis indicated that relatively small numbers of subjects would be needed in clinical trials using caudate volume as an outcome measure. Advantages and disadvantages of using MRI caudate volume as an outcome measure are presented. We recommend the adoption of quantitative neuroimaging of caudate volume as an outcome measure in future clinical trials for treatments of HD.
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| 3. |
- Giele, Walter, et al.
(author)
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The QCD / SM working group: Summary report
- 2002
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In: Physics at TeV colliders. Proceedings, Euro Summer School, Les Houches, France, May 21-June 1, 2001. ; , s. 275-426, s. 275-426
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 6. |
- Jackson, R B, et al.
(author)
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Belowground consequences of vegetation change and their treatment in models
- 2000
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In: Ecological Applications. - 1051-0761. ; 10:2, s. 470-483
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The extent and consequences of global land-cover and land-use change are increasingly apparent. One consequence not so apparent is the altered structure of plants belowground. This paper examines such belowground changes, emphasizing the interaction of altered root distributions with other factors and their treatment in models. Shifts of woody and herbaceous vegetation with deforestation, afforestation, and woody plant encroachment typically alter the depth and distribution of plant rests, influencing soil nutrients, the water balance, and net primary productivity (NPP). For example, our analysis of global soil data sets shows that the major plant nutrients C, N, P, and K are more shallowly distributed than are Ca, Mg, and Na, but patterns for each element vary with the dominant vegetation type. After controlling for climate, soil C and N are distributed more deeply in arid shrublands than in arid grasslands, and subhumid forests have shallower nutrient distributions than do subhumid grasslands. Consequently, changes in vegetation may influence the distribution of soil carbon and nutrients over time (perhaps decades to centuries). Shifts in the water balance are typically much more rapid. Catchment studies indicate that the water yield decreases 25-40 mm for each 10% increase in tree cover, and increases in transpiration of water taken up by deep roots may account for as much as 50% of observed responses. Because models are increasingly important for predicting the consequences of vegetation change, we discuss the treatment of belowground processes and how different treatments affect model outputs. Whether models are parameterized by biome or plant life form (or neither), use single or multiple soil layers, or include N and water limitation will all affect predicted outcomes. Acknowledging and understanding such differences should help constrain predictions of vegetation change.
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| 8. |
- Lipnizki, F, et al.
(author)
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Hydrophobic pervaporation: Influence of the support layer of composite membranes on the mass transfer
- 2002
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In: Separation Science and Technology. - 0149-6395. ; 37:8, s. 1747-1770
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The opportunities of using hydrophobic pervaporation to concentrate organic components in aroma recovery and wastewater treatment have been recognized widely. The focus of this article is on the influence of the support layer on the mass transfer in hydrophobic pervaporation. Even though the influence of the support layer on the overall mass transfer has been observed experimentally, the modeling and analysis of this aspect has been widely neglected. The aim of this study is to build a bridge between modeling of the influence of the support layer and experimental data. Therefore, an improved modeling approach is proposed and used to analyze experimental data for the permeation of the two binary systems water-phenol and water-chloroform through hydrophobic composite polydimetylsiloxane membranes. Comparing the experimental results with the model, it has been observed that the mass transfer of the support layer depends on both physical and chemical properties of the support layer. On the basis of these observations, guidelines for the selection of support layers will be presented.
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