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- Grönros, Julia, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Effects of rosuvastatin on cardiovascular morphology and function in an ApoE-knockout mouse model of atherosclerosis
- 2008
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In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6135 .- 1522-1539. ; 295:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated the effects of rosuvastatin on plaque progression and in vivo coronary artery function in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-KO) mice, using noninvasive high-resolution ultrasound techniques. Eight-week-old male ApoE-KO mice ( n = 20) were fed a high-fat diet with or without rosuvastatin (10 μmol·kg−1·day−1) for 16 wk. When compared with control, rosuvastatin reduced total cholesterol levels ( P < 0.05) and caused significant retardation of lesion progression in the brachiocephalic artery, as visualized in vivo using an ultrasound biomicroscope ( P < 0.05). Histological analysis confirmed the reduction of brachiocephalic atherosclerosis and also revealed an increase in collagen content in the statin-treated group ( P < 0.05). Coronary volumetric flow was measured by simultaneous recording of Doppler velocity signals and left coronary artery morphology before and during adenosine infusion. The hyperemic flow in response to adenosine was significantly greater in left coronary artery following 16 wk of rosuvastatin treatment ( P < 0.001), whereas the baseline flow was similar in both groups. In conclusion, rosuvastatin reduced brachiocephalic artery atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-KO mice. Coronary artery function assessed using recently developed in vivo ultrasound-based protocols, also improved.
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- Timmen, Ludger, et al.
(author)
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Observing Fennoscandian Gravity Change by Absolute Gravimetry
- 2006
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In: International Association of Geodesy Symposia, Vol. 131, Geodetic Deformation Monitoring: From Geophysical to Engineering Roles. ; , s. 193-199
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Nordic countries Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland are a key study region for the research of glacial isostasy, and, in addition, it offers a unique opportunity for validating and testing the results of the GRACE experiment. Over a period of five years, the expected life time of GRACE, a temporal geoid variation of 3.0 mm is expected in the centre of the Fennoscandian land uplift area, corresponding to a gravity change of about 100 nm/s2. This is expected to be within the detection capabilities of GRACE. With terrestrial absolute gravimetry, the gravity change due to the land uplift can be observed with an accuracy of ±10 to 20 nm/s2 for a 5-year period. Thus, the terrestrial insitu observations (ground-truth) may be used to validate and test the GRACE results.Since 2003, absolute gravity measurements have been performed in Fennoscandia at about 30 stations covering Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. Four groups with FG5 absolute gravimeters (BKG, FGI, IfE, UMB) are engaged to survey the uplift network annually by a mutually controlled procedure. Nearly all absolute stations are colocated with permanent GPS stations. From the 2003 and 2004 comparisons between the instruments, an overall accuracy of ±30 nm/s2 is indicated for a single absolute gravimeter and a single station determination. This is in full agreement with the project goal.
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- Analitis, A, et al.
(author)
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Effects of cold weather on mortality : results from 15 European cities within the PHEWE project.
- 2008
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In: American journal of epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1476-6256 .- 0002-9262. ; 168:12, s. 1397-408
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Weather-related health effects have attracted renewed interest because of the observed and predicted climate change. The authors studied the short-term effects of cold weather on mortality in 15 European cities. The effects of minimum apparent temperature on cause- and age-specific daily mortality were assessed for the cold season (October-March) by using data from 1990-2000. For city-specific analysis, the authors used Poisson regression and distributed lag models, controlling for potential confounders. Meta-regression models summarized the results and explored heterogeneity. A 1 degrees C decrease in temperature was associated with a 1.35% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.53) increase in the daily number of total natural deaths and a 1.72% (95% CI: 1.44, 2.01), 3.30% (95% CI: 2.61, 3.99), and 1.25% (95% CI: 0.77, 1.73) increase in cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular deaths, respectively. The increase was greater for the older age groups. The cold effect was found to be greater in warmer (southern) cities and persisted up to 23 days, with no evidence of mortality displacement. Cold-related mortality is an important public health problem across Europe. It should not be underestimated by public health authorities because of the recent focus on heat-wave episodes.
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- Bas, A, et al.
(author)
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Aberrant extrathymic T cell receptor gene rearrangement in the small intestinal mucosa : a risk factor for coeliac disease?
- 2009
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In: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 58:2, s. 189-195
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Coeliac disease is a small intestine enteropathy caused by permanent intolerance to wheat gluten. Gluten intake by patients with coeliac disease provokes a strong reaction by intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), which normalises on a gluten-free diet. AIM: To investigate whether impaired extrathymic T cell maturation and/or secondary T cell receptor (TCR) gene recombination in IELs are features of coeliac disease which could contribute to the failure of establishing tolerance to gluten.METHODS: Expression levels of the four splice-forms of recombination activating gene-1 (RAG1) mRNA and preT alpha-chain (preTalpha) mRNA were determined in IEL-subsets of children with coeliac disease and controls. Frequencies of RAG1 expressing IELs were determined by immunomorphometry.RESULTS: In controls, the RAG1-1A/2 splice-form selectively expressed outside the thymus, was dominant and expressed in both mature (TCR(+)) and immature (CD2(+)CD7(+)TCR(-)) IELs ( approximately 8 mRNA copies/18S rRNA U). PreTalpha was expressed almost exclusively in CD2(+)CD7(+)TCR(-) IELs ( approximately 40 mRNA copies/18S rRNA U). By contrast, RAG1 and preTalpha mRNA levels were low in patients with coeliac disease compared to controls, both with active disease and with inactive, symptom-free disease on a gluten-free diet (p values <0.01 for mature and <0.05 for immature IELs). Similarly, the frequencies of RAG1+ IELs were significantly lower in patients with coeliac disease compared to controls (p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Patients with coeliac disease appear to have an impaired capacity for extrathymic TCR gene rearrangement. This is an inherent feature, which probably plays a pivotal role in the failure to efficiently downregulate the T cell response to gluten.
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- Bedada, G. B., et al.
(author)
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Urban background particulate matter and allergic sensitization in adults of ECRHS II
- 2007
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In: Int J Hyg Environ Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1438-4639. ; 210:6, s. 691-700
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown weak or inconsistent associations between ambient air pollutants and allergic sensitization. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether regional urban air pollution may partly explain the large variation in the prevalence of allergic sensitization across cities of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) II. METHODS: ECRHS is a cross-sectional survey initiated in 29 countries across Europe in the 1990s (ECRHS I) with a follow-up conducted 10 years later (ECRHS II). Subject characteristics were measured by questionnaires and blood tests conducted for the measurement of specific immunoglobulin E. Fine particle mass (PM(2.5), <2.5mum) and sulphur on PM(2.5) were measured in 21 centres and annual averages of urban regional background air pollution were calculated. Results were scaled by an interquartile range increase in ambient PM(2.5) (6.03mug/m(3)) and sulphur (1336ng/m(3)). Generalized estimating equations were applied to compute population average effect estimates with adjustment for age, gender, smoking habit, education and number of siblings. RESULTS: A notable variation in pollution level and prevalence of allergic sensitization was observed. Moreover, exposure to urban regional background air pollution was not associated with allergic sensitization; adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were 1.02 (0.95-1.09) for PM(2.5) and 1.08 (0.86-1.31) for sulphur. These statistically non-significant associations were sensitive to model specification. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that regional air pollution measured at fixed sites is not associated with allergic sensitization among adults in ECRHS II.
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| 9. |
- Berger, Sune, et al.
(author)
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Staden och den hållbara utvecklingen
- 2005
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In: Forsberg, G., (red) 2005, Planeringens utmaningar och tillämpningar. - : Uppsala Publishing House, Uppsala. - 9170052948
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