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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Gilljam M) srt2:(2000-2004)"

Search: WFRF:(Gilljam M) > (2000-2004)

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  • Blom Kemdal, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Attributioner och demokratiska dygder
  • 2003
  • In: Demokratins mekanismer. - 914707275X ; , s. 305-322
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Statsvetenskaplig forskning visar att demokratiska dygder, som delaktighet, kritiskt tänkande och solidaritet värderas högt av svenska medborgar. Medborgarna anser att de själva kommer ganska nära sitt ideal när det gäller att bete sig i enlighet med dygderna. Man tycker alltså att man själv ”lever som man lär”. Däremot anser de inte att andra människor lever upp till de demokratiska idealen lika bra som de själva gör. Dessa resultat förklaras i kapitlet utifrån psykologisk forskning om kausala attributioner, d v s människors förklaringar till egna och andras beteenden. Kausala attributioner styrs av perspektiv, d v s om man ska förklara sitt eget eller andra människors beteende. Man förklarar eget positivt beteende mer med inre faktorer, såsom personlighetsdrag eller intelligens, och eget negativt beteende med yttre omständigheter som brist på tid eller dåligt väder, medan andra människors både positiva och negativa beteenden överlag förklaras med inre faktorer. Därför kan egna ”odygdiga” beteenden, t.ex. fusk med skatten, bortförklaras med yttre faktorer som att skattemyndigheten är dålig på att informera om hur man ska fylla i deklarationen, medan andras odygdiga beteende ses som ett tecken på att de inte värderar dessa dygder lika högt som man själv gör.
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  • Gilljam, Marita, 1956, et al. (author)
  • Airway inflammation and infection in congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens
  • 2004
  • In: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. ; 169:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In cystic fibrosis (CF), airway disease begins early in life. Bacteria and elevated levels of neutrophils and inflammatory mediators have been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from infants with CF. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are common in men with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) and it has been suggested that this syndrome represents a mild form of CF. We hypothesized that men with CBAVD also have subclinical pulmonary disease. Bronchoscopy with BAL, viral and quantitative bacterial cultures, and analyses of total and differential cell count, cytokines, and free neutrophil elastase was performed in eight men with CBAVD, who had mutations in the CFTR and intermediate or elevated sweat chloride levels, and in four healthy control subjects. There was light growth of Staphylococcus aureus in one of eight men with CBAVD, and small numbers of opportunistic gram-negative bacteria in six of eight men with CBAVD and in one control subject. BAL cell counts and neutrophil elastase were within the normal range. Interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were higher for men with CBAVD than for control subjects. These data suggest that mutations in the CFTR in men with CBAVD, in addition to causing infertility, lead to subclinical bacterial pulmonary infection and inflammation consistent with mild CF.
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  • Gilljam, Marita, 1956, et al. (author)
  • Clinical Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis Among Patients With Diagnosis in Adulthood
  • 2004
  • In: Chest. ; 126:4
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical characteristics and diagnostic parameters of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosed in adulthood. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with a diagnosis of CF made at the Toronto CF Clinics between 1960 and June 2001. Data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 73 of 1,051 patients (7%) with CF diagnosed in adulthood. Over time, an increasing number and proportion of patients received a diagnosis in adulthood: 27 patients (3%) before 1990, compared to 46 patients (18%) after 1990 (p < 0.001). The mean sweat chloride level was lower for those with CF diagnosed as adults, compared to those with a diagnosis as children (75 +/- 26 mmol/L and 100 +/- 19 mmol/L, respectively; p < 0.001) [mean +/- SD], and adults were more likely to have pancreatic sufficiency (PS) than children (73% vs 13%, respectively; p < 0.0001). In 46 adults who received a diagnosis since 1990, the reason for the initial sweat test was pancreatitis (2 patients, 4%), pulmonary symptoms (18 patients, 39%), pulmonary and GI symptoms (10 patients, 22%), infertility (12 patients, 26%), and genetic screening (4 patients, 9%). Other manifestations were biliary cirrhosis (one patient) and diabetes mellitus (four patients, 9%). The diagnosis could be confirmed by sweat test alone in 30 of 46 patients (65%), by mutation analysis alone in 15 patients (33%), and by a combination in 31 patients (67%). Nasal potential difference (PD) measurements alone confirmed the diagnosis in the remaining 15 patients (33%). CONCLUSION: Patients with CF presenting in adulthood often have PS, inconclusive sweat test results, and a high prevalence of mutations that are not commonly seen in CF diagnosed in childhood. Although most patients have lung disease of variable degrees, single-organ manifestations such as congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens and pancreatitis are seen. Repeated sweat tests and extensive mutation analysis are often required. Nasal PD may aid the diagnosis, but has not been standardized for clinical diagnosis.
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  • Gilljam, Marita, 1956, et al. (author)
  • GI Complications After Lung Transplantation in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
  • 2003
  • In: Chest. ; 123:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • STUDY OBJECTIVE: Lung transplantation is now available for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and end-stage lung disease. While pulmonary graft function is often considered the major priority following transplantation, the nonpulmonary complications of this systemic disease also continue. We examined the GI complications in a cohort of patients who underwent transplantation. DESIGN: This was a retrospective study of all patients with CF who underwent transplantation between March 1988 and December 1998 in Toronto. Medical records were reviewed, and a short questionnaire was mailed to patients who were alive as of December 1998. RESULTS: There were 80 bilateral lung transplants performed in 75 patients. The questionnaire was distributed to 43 patients, of whom 27 patients (63%) responded. Pancreatic insufficiency requiring enzyme intake was evident in 72 of 75 patients (96%) at the time of surgery. Of three pancreatic-sufficient patients (4%), pancreatic insufficiency was diagnosed in two patients later. Biliary cirrhosis was diagnosed in three patients prior to transplantation. Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) was recorded for 15 patients (20%). Ten patients had a single episode, of which eight episodes occurred early in the postoperative period. Five patients had recurrent episodes. All were medically treated, except for two patients who underwent surgery. Other complications included cholecystitis (n = 3), mucocele of the appendix (n = 1), peptic ulcer disease (n = 3), and colonic carcinoma (n = 1). CONCLUSION: GI complications after lung transplantation are common in patients with CF, and attention should be paid to the risk for DIOS in the early postoperative period. Prevention and early medical treatment are important in order to avoid acute surgery. Close collaboration with the CF clinic, in order to diagnose and treat CF-related complications, is recommended.
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