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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Bermon, Stephane, et al.
(author)
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Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise.
- 2017
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In: Exercise immunology review. - 1077-5552. ; 23, s. 8-50
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this consensus statement on immunonutrition and exercise, a panel of knowledgeable contributors from across the globe provides a consensus of updated science, including the background, the aspects for which a consensus actually exists, the controversies and, when possible, suggested directions for future research.
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| 3. |
- Blösch, Günter, et al.
(author)
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Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective
- 2019
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In: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 64:10, s. 1141-1158
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
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| 4. |
- Hanstock, Helen, 1989-
(author)
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Tear Secretory IgA: A Noninvasive Biomarker of Mucosal Immune Competence
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Since early studies investigated the influence of exercise on salivary secretory IgA(SIgA) in the 1980s, there has been demand for non-invasive biomarkers capableof monitoring the immune response to exercise, training and stress, and provideinsight into whether such stressors may influence susceptibility to URTI. In spiteof >30 years of research and ~200 original articles investigating a multitude ofcandidate markers, this tool remains elusive. Transmission of URTIs has beendemonstrated via the nasal and ocular mucosae, so maintainence of a strong‘first line of defence’ at mucosal surfaces is likely important for host defence. Tearfluid has been recently highlighted as a non-invasive medium for assessment ofhydration status (through determination of tear osmolarity) and blood glucoseconcentrations (via glucose-sensing contact lenses). Prompted by the searchfor viable non-invasive immune biomarkers, this thesis set out to explore thepotential of tear SIgA to assess immune status. First, in a prospective monitoringstudy, we demonstrated that tear SIgA secretion falls ~50% during the weekbefore experiencing upper respiratory symptoms (URS), with a 30% reductionin tear SIgA secretion conferring a six-fold increased chance of experiencing URSin the following week. Next, we undertook three studies to explore the influenceof everyday stressors on tear SIgA secretion. Both a two-hour bout of moderateintensityexercise and two-minutes of acute psychological stress caused animmediate ~50% decrease in tear SIgA concentration. The observations fromthe first study suggest that these reductions are of sufficient magnitude totemporarily compromise host defence, in line with the ‘open window’ theory.Dehydration, on the other hand, did not influence tear SIgA secretion. Thesestudies provide the first experimental evidence that tear SIgA has potentialas a non-invasive marker of mucosal immune competence that is sensitive toeveryday stressors and has utility to assess common cold risk.
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| 5. |
- Schwellnus, Martin, et al.
(author)
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How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness
- 2016
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 50:17, s. 1043-1052
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The modern-day athlete participating in elite sports is exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendar. Emerging evidence indicates that inappropriate load management is a significant risk factor for acute illness and the overtraining syndrome. The IOC convened an expert group to review the scientific evidence for the relationship of loadincluding rapid changes in training and competition load, competition calendar congestion, psychological load and traveland health outcomes in sport. This paper summarises the results linking load to risk of illness and overtraining in athletes, and provides athletes, coaches and support staff with practical guidelines for appropriate load management to reduce the risk of illness and overtraining in sport. These include guidelines for prescription of training and competition load, as well as for monitoring of training, competition and psychological load, athlete well-being and illness. In the process, urgent research priorities were identified.
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| 6. |
- Sharma, Rohini, et al.
(author)
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Multicenter Reproducibility of F-18-Fluciclatide PET Imaging in Subjects with Solid Tumors
- 2015
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In: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 1535-5667 .- 2159-662X. ; 56:12, s. 1855-1861
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Integrins are upregulated on both tumor cells and associated vasculature, where they play an important role in angiogenesis and metastasis. Fluciclatide is an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide with high affinity for alpha(v)beta(3)/alpha(v)beta(5) integrin, which can be radio-labeled for PET imaging of angiogenesis. Thus, F-18-fluciclatide is a potential biomarker of therapeutic response to antiangiogenic inhibitors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of F-18-fluciclatide in multiple solid-tumor types. Methods: Thirty-nine patients underwent PET/CT scanning at 40, 65, and 90 min after injection of F-18-fluciclatide (maximum, 370 MBq) on 2 separate days (2-9 d apart). Patients did not receive any therapy between PET/CT scans. F-18-fluciclatide images were reported and quantitative measures of uptake were extracted using the PERCIST methodology. Intrasubject reproducibility of PET uptake in all measurable lesions was evaluated by calculating relative differences in SUV between PET scans for each lesion during the 2 imaging sessions. Results: Thirty-nine measurable lesions were detected in 26 patients. Lesion uptake correlated strongly across imaging sessions (r = 0.92, P < 0.05, at 40 min; r = 0.94, P < 0.05, at 65 min; r = 0.94, P, 0.05, at 90 min) with a mean relative difference and SD of the relative difference of 0.006 +/- 0.18 at 40 min, 0.003 +/- 0.19 at 65 min, and 0.025 +/- 0.20 at 90 min. This reflects 95% limits of repeatability of 35%-39% for the difference between the 2 SUV measurements or a variability of 18%-20% in agreement from that observed in well-calibrated multicenter F-18-FDG studies. Conclusion: The test-retest reproducibility of F-18-fluciclatide across multiple tumor types has been measured and shown to be acceptable. This is an important step in the development of this in vivo biomarker to identify and quantify response to antiangiogenic therapy in cancer patients.
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| 7. |
- Soligard, Torbjorn, et al.
(author)
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How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury
- 2016
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 50:17, s. 1030-1041
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Athletes participating in elite sports are exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendars. Emerging evidence indicates that poor load management is a major risk factor for injury. The International Olympic Committee convened an expert group to review the scientific evidence for the relationship of load (defined broadly to include rapid changes in training and competition load, competition calendar congestion, psychological load and travel) and health outcomes in sport. We summarise the results linking load to risk of injury in athletes, and provide athletes, coaches and support staff with practical guidelines to manage load in sport. This consensus statement includes guidelines for (1) prescription of training and competition load, as well as for (2) monitoring of training, competition and psychological load, athlete well-being and injury. In the process, we identified research priorities.
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