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| 2. |
- Bjerklund Johansen, T. E., et al.
(author)
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Grey Zones in the Field of Urinary Tract Infections
- 2016
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In: European Urology Focus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4569. ; 2:4, s. 460-462
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urinary tract infections are a very common clinical problem with various knowledge gaps requiring urgent attention in areas including pathophysiology, diagnosis, antibiotic resistance, and prophylaxis. These grey zones preclude optimal management of urologic patients.
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| 3. |
- Cai, Tommaso, et al.
(author)
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Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Clinical Urological Practice: Preoperative Control of Bacteriuria and Management of Recurrent UTI.
- 2016
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In: Pathogens. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-0817. ; 5:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is a common clinical condition that often leads to unnecessary antimicrobial use. The reduction of antibiotic overuse for ABU is consequently an important issue for antimicrobial stewardship and to reduce the emergence of multidrug resistant strains. There are two issues in everyday urological practice that require special attention: the role of ABU in pre-operative prophylaxis and in women affected by recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). Nowadays, this is the time to think over our practice and change our way of thinking. Here, we aimed to summarize the current literature knowledge in terms of ABU management in patients undergoing urological surgery and in patients with rUTIs. In the last years, the approach to patient with ABU has changed totally. Prior to all surgical procedures that do not enter the urinary tract, ABU is generally not considered as a risk factor, and screening and treatment are not considered necessary. On the other hand, in the case of all procedures entering the urinary tract, ABU should be treated in line with the results of a urine culture obtained before the procedure. In patients affected by rUTIs, ABU can even have a protective role in preventing symptomatic recurrence, particularly when Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) has been isolated.
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| 4. |
- Dizeyi, Nishtman, et al.
(author)
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The effects of Cernitin® on inflammatory parameters and benign prostatic hyperplasia : An in vitro study
- 2019
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In: Phytotherapy Research. - : Wiley. - 0951-418X .- 1099-1573. ; 33:9, s. 2457-2464
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pollen extract Cernitin® is widely used for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and non-bacterial chronin prostatitis. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms to explain the clinical effects of Cernitin®. In this study, we sought to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which Cernitin® induces its effects on human prostatic cell lines BPH-1 and WPMY-1 and primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) in vitro. We examined the effects of Cernitin® formulas T60 and GBX on the protein expression, proliferation, and cytokines production. Results revealed that Cernitin® upregulated antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and its receptors IL-10RA and IL-10B in addition to the upregulation of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in hPBMC. Interestingly, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 were also increased. Furthermore, Cernitin® had significantly increased the level of IL-10 in BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells. The level of IL-6 was also significantly increased in these cells although both T60 and GBX inhibited STAT-3 phosphorylation. Moreover, Cernitin® formulas had significantly reduced androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen protein expression in stromal cells (p <.05). Treatment with GBX and T60 had significantly inhibited proliferation of BPH (p <.001) and stromal cells (p <.05), in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, treatment with Cernitin® showed to regulate cytokines level in both prostatic cell lines and hPBMCs and it was associated with decreased androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen levels WPMY-1 cells.
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| 5. |
- Grabe, Magnus J., et al.
(author)
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Antimicrobial Stewardship : What We All Just Need to Know
- 2019
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In: European Urology Focus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4569. ; 5:1, s. 46-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antimicrobial stewardship programmes including a multidisciplinary team of urologists, infectious disease specialists, and microbiologists reduce the total use of antibiotics in urological care without jeopardising the patient outcome. It is a recommended tool for education and feedback.
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| 6. |
- Grabe, Magnus J., et al.
(author)
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Tailored perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in urological surgery : myth or reality?
- 2017
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In: Current Opinion in Urology. - 0963-0643 .- 1473-6586. ; 27:2, s. 112-119
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose of review The controversies surrounding perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP) are about the use and especially misuse of antibiotics. The overall lack of evidence to facilitate a rational perioperative AMP policy in urological surgery and the postoperative infectious complications remain a challenge. Therefore, a basic tool to aid decision-making would be useful. A model based on the patients' risk factors, the level of contamination and grading of surgical procedures is discussed.Recent findings A series of studies have shown that infectious complications and healthcare-associated infections remain consistently at an average of 10%, with a great variation in frequency dependent on the patients' preoperative status and the type, severity and contamination level of the surgical procedure. Preoperative patient assessment and preparation are key factors for well tolerated surgery and recovery. Adherence to the guidelines appears to reduce both the prescription of antimicrobials and the total costs without risking the patient outcome. Several studies of a series of interventions such as cystoscopy, endoscopic stone surgery and selected clean-contaminated interventions give support to the model. Bacteriuria, upgrading the patient to the contaminated level, requires preoperative control.Summary The discussed model assists the urologists in decision-making on perioperative AMP and contributes to a responsible use of antibiotics.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Justice, A. E., et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits
- 2017
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio both adjusted for BMI. We identify 23 novel genetic loci, and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits. We show consistent direction of effect for all identified loci and significance for 18 novel and for 5 interaction loci in an independent study sample. These loci highlight novel biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory functions emphasizing the importance of accounting for environment in genetic analyses. Our results suggest that tobacco smoking may alter the genetic susceptibility to overall adiposity and body fat distribution.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Magistro, Giuseppe, et al.
(author)
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Contemporary Management of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome.
- 2016
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In: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 69:2, s. 286-297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common condition that causes severe symptoms, bother, and quality-of-life impact in the 8.2% of men who are believed to be affected. Research suggests a complex pathophysiology underlying this syndrome that is mirrored by its heterogeneous clinical presentation. Management of patients diagnosed with CP/CPPS has always been a formidable task in clinical practice. Due to its enigmatic etiology, a plethora of clinical trials failed to identify an efficient monotherapy.
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