1. |
- Barausse, Enrico, et al.
(author)
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Prospects for fundamental physics with LISA
- 2020
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In: General Relativity and Gravitation. - : SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS. - 0001-7701 .- 1572-9532. ; 52:8
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper, which is of programmatic rather than quantitative nature, we aim to further delineate and sharpen the future potential of the LISA mission in the area of fundamental physics. Given the very broad range of topics that might be relevant to LISA,we present here a sample of what we view as particularly promising fundamental physics directions. We organize these directions through a "science-first" approach that allows us to classify how LISA data can inform theoretical physics in a variety of areas. For each of these theoretical physics classes, we identify the sources that are currently expected to provide the principal contribution to our knowledge, and the areas that need further development. The classification presented here should not be thought of as cast in stone, but rather as a fluid framework that is amenable to change with the flow of new insights in theoretical physics.
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2. |
- Babusci, D., et al.
(author)
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Measurement of the branching fraction for the decay K-S -> pi mu nu with the KLOE detector
- 2020
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In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 804
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on a sample of 300 million K-S mesons produced in phi -> KLKS decays recorded by the KLOE experiment at the DA Phi NE e(+)e(-) collider we have measured the branching fraction for the decay K-S -> pi mu nu. The K-S mesons are identified by the interaction of K-L mesons in the detector. The K-S -> pi mu nu decays are selected by a boosted decision tree built with kinematic variables and by a time-of-flight measurement. Signal efficiencies are evaluated with data control samples of K-L -> pi mu nu decays. A fit to the reconstructed muon mass distribution finds 7223 +/- 180 signal events. Normalising to the K-S -> pi(+)pi(-) decay events the result for the branching fraction is B(K-S -> pi mu nu) = (4.56 +/- 0.11(stat) +/- 0.17(syst)) x 10(-4). It is the first measurement of this decay mode and the result allows an independent determination of vertical bar V-us vertical bar and a test of the lepton-flavour universality. (c) 2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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3. |
- Adriani, O., et al.
(author)
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Design of an Antimatter Large Acceptance Detector In Orbit (ALADInO)
- 2022
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In: Instruments. - : MDPI AG. - 2410-390X. ; 6:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new generation magnetic spectrometer in space will open the opportunity to inves-tigate the frontiers in direct high-energy cosmic ray measurements and to precisely measure the amount of the rare antimatter component in cosmic rays beyond the reach of current missions. We propose the concept for an Antimatter Large Acceptance Detector In Orbit (ALADInO), designed to take over the legacy of direct measurements of cosmic rays in space performed by PAMELA and AMS-02. ALADInO features technological solutions conceived to overcome the current limi-tations of magnetic spectrometers in space with a layout that provides an acceptance larger than 10 m2 sr. A superconducting magnet coupled to precision tracking and time-of-flight systems can provide the required matter–antimatter separation capabilities and rigidity measurement resolution with a Maximum Detectable Rigidity better than 20 TV. The inner 3D-imaging deep calorimeter, designed to maximize the isotropic acceptance of particles, allows for the measurement of cosmic rays up to PeV energies with accurate energy resolution to precisely measure features in the cosmic ray spectra. The operations of ALADInO in the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrangian point for at least 5 years would enable unique revolutionary observations with groundbreaking discovery poten-tials in the field of astroparticle physics by precision measurements of electrons, positrons, and antiprotons up to 10 TeV and of nuclear cosmic rays up to PeV energies, and by the possible unam-biguous detection and measurement of low-energy antideuteron and antihelium components in cosmic rays.
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4. |
- Vergallo, A., et al.
(author)
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Association of plasma YKL-40 with brain amyloid-β levels, memory performance, and sex in subjective memory complainers
- 2020
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In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580. ; 96, s. 22-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neuroinflammation, a key early pathomechanistic alteration of Alzheimer's disease, may represent either a detrimental or a compensatory mechanism or both (according to the disease stage). YKL-40, a glycoprotein highly expressed in differentiated glial cells, is a candidate biomarker for in vivo tracking neuroinflammation in humans. We performed a longitudinal study in a monocentric cohort of cognitively healthy individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease exploring whether age, sex, and the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele affect plasma YKL-40 concentrations. We investigated whether YKL-40 is associated with brain amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, neuronal activity, and neurodegeneration as assessed via neuroimaging biomarkers. Finally, we investigated whether YKL-40 may predict cognitive performance. We found an age-associated increase of YKL-40 and observed that men display higher concentrations than women, indicating a potential sexual dimorphism. Moreover, YKL-40 was positively associated with memory performance and negatively associated with brain Aβ deposition (but not with metabolic signal). Consistent with translational studies, our results suggest a potentially protective effect of glia on incipient brain Aβ accumulation and neuronal homeostasis. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
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5. |
- Ginolfi, M., et al.
(author)
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Detection of companion galaxies around hot dust-obscured hyper-luminous galaxy W0410-0913
- 2022
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The phase transition between galaxies and quasars is often identified with the rare population of hyper-luminous, hot dust-obscured galaxies. Galaxy formation models predict these systems to grow via mergers, that can deliver large amounts of gas toward their centers, induce intense bursts of star formation and feed their supermassive black holes. Here we report the detection of 24 galaxies emitting Lyman-α emission on projected physical scales of about 400 kpc around the hyper-luminous hot dust-obscured galaxy W0410-0913, at redshift z = 3.631, using Very Large Telescope observations. While this indicates that W0410-0913 evolves in a very dense environment, we do not find clear signs of mergers that could sustain its growth. Data suggest that if mergers occurred, as models expect, these would involve less massive satellites, with only a moderate impact on the internal interstellar medium of W0410-0913, which is sustained by a rotationally-supported fast-rotating molecular disk, as Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations suggest.
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6. |
- Babusci, D., et al.
(author)
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Precision tests of quantum mechanics and CPT symmetry with entangled neutral kaons at KLOE
- 2022
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer Nature. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The quantum interference between the decays of entangled neutral kaons is studied in the process phi -> KSKL -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-), which exhibits the characteristic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations that prevent both kaons to decay into pi(+)pi(-) at the same time. This constitutes a very powerful tool for testing at the utmost precision the quantum coherence of the entangled kaon pair state, and to search for tiny decoherence and CPT violation effects, which may be justified in a quantum gravity framework. The analysed data sample was collected with the KLOE detector at DA Phi NE, the Frascati phi-factory, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 1.7 fb(-1), i.e. to about 1.7 x 10(9) phi -> KSKL decays produced. From the fit of the observed Delta t distribution, being Delta t the difference of the kaon decay times, the decoherence and CPT violation parameters of various phenomenological models are measured with a largely improved accuracy with respect to previous analyses. The results are consistent with no deviation from quantum mechanics and CPT symmetry, while for some parameters the precision reaches the interesting level at which - in the most optimistic scenarios - quantum gravity effects might show up. They provide the most stringent limits up to date on the considered models.
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7. |
- Graziani, F., et al.
(author)
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Oral Care and Quality Evaluation: A Multicentric Study on Periodontal Treatment
- 2020
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In: Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry. - 1602-1622. ; 18:2, s. 363-371
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: No information is available on the perception of the quality of care in patients treated for periodontitis. The purpose of this article was to assess how periodontitis-affected patients perceive the quality of periodontal treatment (PT) and to measure the factors which may influence it. Materials and Methods: 306 subjects who completed PT were invited to participate. Questionnaires and visual analogic scales (VAS) evaluating perception of quality of care, symptoms, and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) were handed out. Oral and periodontal indicators were collected before and after treatment. The impact of different factors on perception of quality was assessed with a regression model. Results: Quality evaluation was high yet unrelated for both patients and clinicians (p = 0.983). Quality was negatively influenced by the number of residual oral infections (p < 0.001), patient's age (p = 0.07) and presence of residual pain at completion of PT (p = 0.02). Professionalism, kindness of the staff and communication skills were the characteristics mostly appreciated. The OHRQoL was influenced by the number of residual teeth (p < 0.001), increasing age of patients (p = 0.08), number of residual infections (p < 0.01) and pain (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Patients' quality perception appeared to be influenced by clinical and emotional aspects. Oral care providers should be aware of the impact of non-clinical factors in patients' appreciation of quality of treatment.
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8. |
- Babusci, D., et al.
(author)
-
Direct tests of T, CP, CPT symmetries in transitions of neutral K mesons with the KLOE experiment
- 2023
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 845
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tests of the T, CP and CPT symmetries in the neutral kaon system are performed by the direct comparison of the probabilities of a kaon transition process to its symmetry-conjugate. The exchange of in and out states required for a genuine test involving an antiunitary transformation implied by time-reversal is implemented exploiting the entanglement of K0K0 pairs produced at a 0 -factory.A data sample collected by the KLOE experiment at DAONE corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 1.7 fb-1 is analysed to study the At distributions of the 0 -> KSKL -> pi+pi- pi +/- e -/+ v and 0 -> KSKL -> pi +/- e -/+ v3 pi 0 processes, with At the difference of the kaon decay times. A comparison of the measured At distributions in the asymptotic region At â
iS allows to test for the first time T and CPT symmetries in kaon transitions with a precision of few percent, and to observe CP violation with this novel method.
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9. |
- Babusci, D., et al.
(author)
-
Measurement of the K-S ? : pe? branching fraction with the KLOE experiment
- 2023
-
In: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer Nature. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ratio R = gamma(K-S -> pi e nu)/gamma(KS -> pi(+)pi(-)) has been measured with a sample of 300 million KS mesons produced in phi -KLKS decays recorded by the KLOE experiment at the DA Phi NE e(+)e(-) collider. K-S -> pi e nu events are selected by a boosted decision tree built with kinematic variables and time-of-flight measurements. Data control samples of K-L -> pi e nu decays are used to evaluate signal selection efficiencies. With 49647 +/- 316 signal events we measure R = (1.0421 +/- 0.0066(stat) +/- 0.0075(syst)) x 10(-3). The combination with our previous measurement gives R = (1.0338 +/- 0.0054(stat) +/- 0.0064(syst)) x 10(-3). From this value we derive the branching fraction B(K-S -> pi e nu) = (7.153 +/- 0.037(stat)+/- 0.044(syst)) x 10(-4) and f(+)(0)|V-us| = 0.2170 +/- 0.009.
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10. |
- Babusci, D., et al.
(author)
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Upper limit on the eta -> pi(+)pi(-) branching fraction with the KLOE experiment
- 2020
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : SPRINGER. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on an integrated luminosity of 1.61 fb(-1)e(+)e(-) collision data collected with the KLOE detector at DA Phi NE, the Frascati phi -factory, a search for the P- and CP-violating decay eta -> pi (+)pi (-) has been performed. Radiative phi -> eta gamma decay is exploited to access the eta mesons. No signal is observed in the pi (+)pi (-) invariant mass spectrum, and the upper limit on the branching fraction at 90% confidence level is determined to be B(eta -> pi (+)pi (-)) < 4.9 x 10(-6), which is approximately three times smaller than the previous KLOE result. From the combination of these two measurements we get B( -> pi (+)pi (-)) < 4.4 x 10(-6) at 90% confidence level.
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