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- Alriksson, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Fish feed from wood
- 2014
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In: Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. - 0576-9787. ; 48, s. 843-848
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increased demand of fish in combination with overexploitation of the fish stocks of the oceans has led to an increased production of fish through aquaculture. Today, fishmeal is the main protein source in fish feed for most aquaculture species. However, fishmeal is soon expected to fall short of demand as its production is associated with environmental problems. This shortage must therefore be met by sustainable alternative protein sources. Protein-rich microorganisms (i.e. Single cell protein) is an interesting option as a fishmeal substitute in fish feed which, in addition, can be produced as an important co-product in wood-based biorefineries. In the current study, four different microorganisms were cultivated on five different residual streams from Swedish wood-based biorefineries. Screening experiments were carried out in shake flasks, optimization experiments in benchtop bioreactors, and scale-up experiments were performed in a 50-litre pilot bioreactor. In addition, a demo-scale experiment was carried out in the Swedish Biorefinery Demo Plant. Microbial biomass from the scale-up experiments was collected and used for production of different fish feed formulations which, in turn, were used in feeding trials of the freshwater fish Tilapia. Fishes fed with feed, in which part of the fishmeal had been substituted with Single cell protein, showed similar or better growth than fishes fed with a fishmeal-based control feed.
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| 2. |
- Gudnason, Asgeir, et al.
(author)
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All-Polyethylene Versus Metal-Backed Tibial Components-An Analysis of 27,733 Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Replacements from the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register.
- 2014
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In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. - 1535-1386 .- 0021-9355. ; 96A:12, s. 994-999
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Currently, the use of metal-backed tibial components is more common than the use of all-polyethylene components in total knee arthroplasty. However, the available literature indicates that all-polyethylene tibial components are not inferior to the metal-backed design. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in the ten-year survival rate between all-polyethylene and metal-backed tibial components of a specific design in a large nationwide cohort.METHODS: In the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register, we identified 27,733 cruciate-retaining total knee replacements using the press-fit condylar prosthesis with either metal-backed or all-polyethylene tibial components inserted from 1999 to 2011. Unadjusted survival functions were calculated with the end points of revision for any reason, revision due to infection, and revision due to reasons other than infection, and the differences between the groups were investigated with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to analyze the influence of various covariates on the adjusted relative risk of revision.RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up was 4.5 years (range, zero to 12.9 years). Of all total knee replacements, 16,896 (60.9%) were in women and 10,837 (39.1%) were in men. Metal-backed components were used in 16,011 total knee arthroplasties (57.7%) and all-polyethylene in 11,722 total knee arthroplasties (42.3%). With revision for any reason as the end point, the all-polyethylene tibial component had slightly superior, unadjusted ten-year survival compared with the metal-backed component: 97.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 96.7% to 97.7%) compared with 96.6% (95% CI, 96.2% to 96.9%; p = 0.002). Cox multiple regression analysis adjusting for age group, sex, and patellar resurfacing showed that all-polyethylene components had a reduced risk of revision for any reason (relative risk = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.89) and a reduced risk of revision due to infection (relative risk = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.86). Patellar resurfacing and male sex increased the risk of revision due to infection (relative risk = 2.22 [95% CI, 1.37 to 3.62] and 2.21 [95% CI, 1.66 to 2.94], respectively).CONCLUSIONS: These all-polyethylene tibial components were at least as good as or superior to metal-backed tibial components with respect to implant survivorship at ten years in cruciate-retaining total knee replacements. We concluded that these less expensive all-polyethylene tibial components can be safely and effectively used in total knee arthroplasty.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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