| 1. |
- Alldén, Susanne, 1979-
(author)
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How do international norms travel? : Women’s political rights in Cambodia and Timor-Leste
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- How do international norms travel, via statebuilding efforts, into post-conflict settings, and how do international and national actors interact in this process? These are the main questions addressed in this thesis. The empirical focus is the spreading and rooting of the norm of women’s political rights in Cambodia and Timor-Leste, two countries in which international actors have played a significant role in statebuilding efforts. Although statebuilding has increasingly become a part of UN peacebuilding missions, we still lack a thorough understanding of how much, and in what ways, the international community can successfully promote change. This is important in view of the fact that the key to success ultimately depends on how the receiving community responds to the presence and efforts of international actors to promote new social norms. This study analyzes the interaction between international and national actors engaged in the promotion of women’s political rights as part of the effort to advance democracy. Three institutional developments are examined in detail – electoral rules and regulations, the establishment of a national gender equality/women’s machinery and the strengthening of the local government structure. The study uses a modified norm diffusion approach and makes two theoretical contributions to the literature. First, I place the norm diffusion process in a post-conflict context. Second, I add the concept of capability to function in order to conceptualize and study the internalization of the norm. The thesis is based on both an analysis of written material and semi-structured interviews. A total of 65 interviews were conducted during three research trips to each of the countries between 2007 and 2009. In general, the four empirical chapters reveal that the interaction between international and national actors has predominantly been characterized by international actors setting the agenda, with varying degrees of consultation and collaboration with national actors. While norm institutionalization has been rather high in both countries, norm internalization lags behind. This is explained by discriminating ways of life and attitudes, lack of resources and time. Norm internalization is higher in Timor-Leste, in part because national actors have adapted the norm of women’s political rights to fit the local setting, but also due to their openness to international influences. The empirical study underscores that international actors can push for change and norm adherence, but their efforts are not enough. In the end, national actors have to buy into the message that international actors try to convey. The strengths and weaknesses that have been uncovered in the Cambodian and Timorese case studies presented here should be carefully considered as international actors, led by the UN, embark upon future statebuilding missions around the globe.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Analys av polisens alkoholutandningsprov i fem län åren 2001-2003
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The extent and results of the police breathalyser tests in Stockholm, Västerbotten, Östergötland, Skåne and Västra Götaland Counties over the period 2001-2003 have been analysed. The primary aim is to uncover and describe shortcomings in existing data, not to estimate the extent of drink driving. The analysis has been made with reference to the codes applied by the police to describe the type of control at which the test was made. These codes are - 0) Police initiated driver control - 1) "Random" control (not random in the strict statistical sense) - 2) Control because of a road traffic accident - 3) Targeted control (e.g. at strategically selected points such as shops selling alcoholic drinks) - 4) Other codes - It is mainly the breathalyser tests coded by the police as 0, 1 and 3 that are examined in the analysis. The other codes appear very rarely in the controls made.
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| 3. |
- Engström, Susanne, 1962-
(author)
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Fysiken spelar roll! : Undervisning om hållbara energisystem, fokus på gymnasiekursen fysik A
- 2008
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis will present the result from one main investigation (step 1) and two follow-up studies (step 2 and 3). The main study consists of an interpreting, iterative analysis of statements made by ‘experts’ on contents of education gathered from a questionnaire, which result in a subject-specific content for physics education on sustainable energy systems (SES) presented as a category system. The categories from Step 1 are used as means for analysis in step 2 and 3, which involve the study of educational material and one classroom analysis. The results show that the content of physics for upper secondary, in order for students to reach insight, should comprise certain physical concepts and relations not only in “limited contexts” but also in relation to greater contextual connections, in which problematisation and insight in solutions for the future is necessary. These parts should have a similar weight according to the statements of the experts. This is not to be found in either the typical educational material (textbooks) or in one studied classroom teaching example.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Forsman, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Impact of nonresponse and weighting in Swedish travel survey
- 2007
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In: Transportation Research Record. - : Sage Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; 1993:1, s. 80-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Results from travel surveys, together with traffic monitoring programs, serve as a basis for policy decisions and evaluations. Correct interpretation of the survey results is therefore of vital importance, and the impact of different sources of error needs to be investigated. This paper presents a study of nonresponse errors in a Swedish travel survey. Survey methodologists have addressed the problem of nonresponse for a long time, and several methods have been developed to reduce possible bias. Particularly common are different weighting methods based on auxiliary information. However, the performance of these techniques is based on how well the chosen auxiliary variables can explain the response behavior. The aims of the present study were to (a) investigate whether the mobility of nonrespondents differs from the mobility of respondents and (b) determine whether weighting reduces possible nonresponse bias. A weighting technique called calibration was used. The travel survey was based on a mail questionnaire, and the response rate was about 53%. Nonrespondents were contacted by telephone and asked a selected number of questions from the original questionnaire. Results show that mobility did differ between respondents and nonrespondents for some of the travel modes. The effect of calibration was generally small and inconsistent; the bias was reduced in some cases and increased in others. Nevertheless, calibration is recommended if procedures for calculating the weights are readily available.
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| 6. |
- Forsman, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Kvalitetsgranskning av TSU92-, en undersökning om resvanor : en studie av urvalsfel, bortfallsfel och mätfel
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- TSU92- is a travel survey that started in 1992 with the aim to increase the knowledge of travels made by unprotected road-users. The survey is still focused on these groups, but questions of other transport modes are also included. An evaluation of the quality of the survey is presented in this report and measures to improve the quality are suggested. The study is limited to sampling errors, nonresponse errors, and measurement errors. The evaluation has been conducted as three separate studies. The aim of the study of sampling errors was to establish variance formulae for estimating the size of the errors and to calculate these variances. The aim of the study of nonresponse error was to examine whether respondents and nonrespondents differ with respect to travel habits and, to examine whether calibration reduces possible nonresponse errors. Calibration is a weighting method that are used to compensate for nonresponse. A follow up study of the nonrespondents was conducted to answer these questions. The aim of the study of measurement errors was to examine the extent of the problem with incorrectly filled-in questionnaires, and to try to understand how respondents think when the answer the questions.
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| 7. |
- Forsman, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Rapportering från ett samverkansprojekt för bättre rattfylleristatistik : förslag till pilotstudie av rattfylleriets omfattning
- 2006
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The most important contribution to improved knowledge of the prevalence of drink-driving in Sweden is a sample survey where drivers are tested at randomly selected sites and time points. The prerequisites for such a study have been investigated in this project, which has been conducted in collaboration with the head of the traffic police in three counties (Södermanland, Östergötland and Örebro) and representatives from the National Board of Forensic Medicine. The main aim of the study was to propose a method of how to conduct the survey; a proposition of a pilot study is presented here. Other issues regarding the statistics from random breath tests, police reports from road traffic accidents, and driving under the influence of other drugs than alcohol is also discussed. The aim of the pilot study is partly to find out the prevalence of drink-driving among the car drivers in the selected counties, partly to test the methodology suggested in this report. It is not possible in practice to investigate the whole road network and to cover all hours of the day. Therefore, a number of limitations are suggested. Both the urban and rural network is limited to the most frequently used roads. All days a week will be observed, but the working hours of the traffic police restricts the study to the time between 7 and 23. About 95 percent of the total traffic volume is produced within this time frame. The study will be spread out during a whole year in order to cover all seasons. The total sample size is set to 25,000 tests. This number is set in consideration of the police capacity.
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| 8. |
- Forsman, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Rattfylleriets omfattning : en metodstudie i Södermanlands, Örebro och Östergötlands län
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report presents the results from a study with the aim of estimating the prevalence of drink driving in three Swedish counties, as well as testing the used method in practice. Data was collected by the police that conducted breath tests of drivers of passenger cars and light trucks on randomly selected road sections. The planned sample size was 25,000 drivers, but due to missing data, 22,937 drivers were finally used in the calculations. The study was conducted between 7 am and 11 pm all days of the week during the period June 2006 to May 2007. The estimated prevalence of drink driving is 0.24 % (0.15 %; 0.32 %) where the numbers in parenthesis is a 95 per cent confidence interval. The results show significant difference in the prevalence of drink driving between men and women (0.32 and 0.04 per cent). Differences between different age groups are also present; the prevalence is lower for youngest group (16-34 years) than for the two other groups (25-64 years and over 65 years). Drink driving also turned out to be more prevalent in the morning than in the afternoon/evening, 0.62 against 0.11 per cent. In general, the method worked well, but a few things need to be changed in a future study. For example, we must ensure that the control sites are safe for the policemen also in the dark and in bad weather. It is also necessary to discuss how the police can get sufficient resources to conduct the survey.
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| 9. |
- Forward, Sonja, et al.
(author)
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Utlandsföddas trafiksäkerhet
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Swedish traffic accident statistics have previously shown that involvement in accidents differs for people born in Sweden and people born abroad. The main aim of this report is to further illuminate this area through the use of four different studies. The introductory study is a literature review examining ethnicity and different aspects of traffic safety, focussing primarily on speed, accidents, use of seatbelts, alcohol and vulnerable road users. The term ethnicity was defined in different ways in the literature, if it was defined at all, and the term ethnic minorities was used as a collective term. The ways those terms are used complicate comparisons. Nevertheless, certain conclusions could be drawn. For example, the traffic behaviour of immigrants bore the imprint of the traffic norms prevalent in the country in which they grew up. Cultural values, the importance of language and socio-economical factors are dimensions of interest with regard to measures that can improve the traffic safety of immigrants living in Sweden. The second study identified the risk of a traffic accident for people who are born abroad but registered residents of Sweden. The results show that if the population is divided into nine zones, based on the country of birth, there are groups both with a higher risk of accidents than the Swedish-born and groups with a lower risk. Thus, immigrants should not be viewed as a homogeneous group. Furthermore, large parts of the differences can be explained by exposure, education, age and gender, through the use of logistical regression. In the third study a survey based on an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to predict the intention to speed, use seatbelt and use child restraints. The results show that previous behaviour and the perception of how others behave in traffic were the variables that best explained the intent to break speed regulations. This survey also indicates differences between groups, where the intent to use the seatbelt and protect children in the car was lower amongst some of the immigrants, while the intent to respect the speed limit was lower among the Swedish-born. The results of the survey could thus not unequivocally explain why certain groups identified by the accident analysis ran greater risks. In the fourth study interviews were carried out with seven men born in Iran but residing in Sweden. The subjects discussed were driving, speeding, alcohol and seatbelt use. The results showed that they experienced cultural differences in attitudes and behaviour in traffic, but that these differences gradually faded away. They showed zero tolerance when it came to drinking and driving. However, when it came to speeding and the use of seatbelts this was seen as unacceptable only in some contexts. Based on the compiled results recommendations are given, detailing specific actions that may increase the level of traffic safety among immigrants living in Sweden.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Gerd, et al.
(author)
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Ny i läraryrket
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)
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