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| 2. |
- Balk, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Widespread episodic thiamine deficiency in Northern Hemisphere wildlife
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many wildlife populations are declining at rates higher than can be explained by known threats to biodiversity. Recently, thiamine (vitamin B-1) deficiency has emerged as a possible contributing cause. Here, thiamine status was systematically investigated in three animal classes: bivalves, ray-finned fishes, and birds. Thiamine diphosphate is required as a cofactor in at least five life-sustaining enzymes that are required for basic cellular metabolism. Analysis of different phosphorylated forms of thiamine, as well as of activities and amount of holoenzyme and apoenzyme forms of thiaminedependent enzymes, revealed episodically occurring thiamine deficiency in all three animal classes. These biochemical effects were also linked to secondary effects on growth, condition, liver size, blood chemistry and composition, histopathology, swimming behaviour and endurance, parasite infestation, and reproduction. It is unlikely that the thiamine deficiency is caused by impaired phosphorylation within the cells. Rather, the results point towards insufficient amounts of thiamine in the food. By investigating a large geographic area, by extending the focus from lethal to sublethal thiamine deficiency, and by linking biochemical alterations to secondary effects, we demonstrate that the problem of thiamine deficiency is considerably more widespread and severe than previously reported.
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| 4. |
- Butler, Simon, et al.
(author)
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An Investigation of Work Practices Used by Companies Making Contributions to Established OSS Projects
- 2018
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In: ICSE-SEIP '18 Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450356596 ; , s. 201-210
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Professionals contribute to open source software (OSS) projects aspart of their employment. Previous research has addressed motivationsof individuals and the ways they engage with OSS projects.However, there is a lack of research which examines and explainswork practices used by companies in their engagement with projects.Work practices used by companies to contribute to five establishedOSS projects are investigated through examination of the actions ofemployees in public communication channels and draw on our experienceswhen analysing engagement with the same projects. Wefind that companies utilise work practices for contributing whichare congruent with the circumstances and their capabilities thatsupport their short and long term needs. We find that companiescontribute to OSS projects in different ways, such as employing coreproject developers, making donations, and joining project steeringcommittees in order to advance strategic interests.
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| 5. |
- Chai, Guocai, et al.
(author)
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Microscopic and Nanoscopic Study on Subsurface Damage and Fatigue Crack Initiation During Very High Cycle Fatigue
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Fatigue. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-1123 .- 1879-3452. ; 83:2, s. 288-292
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- “Fish eye” is a typical phenomenon of fatigue crack initiation at a subsurface defect such as inclusion during very high cycle fatigue. The formation of a fine grained area and micro-debonding is believed to cause fatigue crack initiation. This paper provides a basic study on the formation of the fine grained area in a martensitic stainless steel during very high cycle fatigue using scanning electron microscopy, SEM, focused ion beam technique, FIB, electron backscatter diffraction, EBSD, and electron channeling contrast imaging, ECCI. The results show that the formation of a fine grained zone is a local behavior. The fine grained zone is very near the fatigue crack initiation origin. In the transversal direction (cross section), the depth of the fine grained zone is only few micrometers. In the longitudinal direction (crack propagation direction), the depth of the fine grain zone is about one micrometer. ECCI analysis shows that in the fine grained area with high retained strain, high plastic deformation can be found. Dislocation slip bands can be observed. They interact with grain boundaries and cause the formation of damage due to impingement cracking. The results indicate that occurrence of plastic deformation in metallic material during very high cycle fatigue is very localized, mainly near the front of the crack tip or a defect.
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| 6. |
- Elsafy, Mohammed, et al.
(author)
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Elucidating the genetic diversity of farmer cultivars of female date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Sudan by microsatellite markers
- 2016
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In: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9864 .- 1573-5109. ; 63, s. 975-986
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genetic diversity in female date palms for a total of 89 tree samples, representing 18 cultivar groups, was investigated using 10 loci of microsatellite (SSR) primers. The microsatellites examined showed high polymorphism, a total of 126 for the 10 microsatellite loci, giving an average of 12.6. Low F-ST values were observed among different fruit classification groups of Sudanese date palms (soft, semi-soft and dry) suggesting that the observed high genetic variability is maintained locally within cultivars. Across all genetic parameters, in comparison among the cultivar groups, the Jaw group was consistently highly variable followed by Korsha, Gondela and Barakawi, respectively. Multivariate analysis of the 89 date palms showed some strong relationships with some mixed grouping, showing a tendency of relate fruit classification and related genotypes. Dry dates almost grouped together while the soft and semi-soft were mixed and somewhat related to genotypes. The effect of genotype was highly supported by the relationship of 14 cultivar groups, in which similar cultivars were associated regardless of the state to which they belong. Further detailed analyses of female date palm populations from different geographic locations represented by a minimum of five plants per cultivar is necessary to provide the basis for understanding of the date palm genomes, revealing the true extent of gene flow between farmer cultivars.
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| 7. |
- Gamalielsson, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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On organisational influences in software standards and their open source implementations
- 2015
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In: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 67, s. 30-43
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: It is widely acknowledged that standards implemented in open source software can reduce risks for lock-in, improve interoperability, and promote competition on the market. However, there is limited knowledge concerning the relationship between standards and their implementations in open source software. This paper reports from an investigation of organisational influences in software standards and open source software implementations of software standards. The study focuses on the RDFa standard and its implementation in the Drupal project.Objective: The overarching goal of the study is to establish organisational influences in software standards and their implementations in open source software. More specifically, our objective is to establish organisational influences in the RDFa standard and its implementation in the Drupal project.Method: By conduct of a case study of the RDFa standard and its implementation in the Drupal project we investigate organisational influences in software standards and their implementations in open source software. Specifically, the case study involved quantitative analyses of issue tracker data for different issue trackers for W3C RDFa and the Drupal implementation of RDFa.Results: The case study provides details on how and to what extent organisational influences occur in W3C RDFa and the Drupal implementation of RDFa, by specifically providing a characterisation of issues and results concerning contribution to issue raising and commenting, organisational involvement over time, and individual and organisational collaboration on issues.Conclusion: We find that widely deployed standards can benefit from contributions provided by a range of different individuals, organisations, and types of organisations either directly to a standardisation project or indirectly via an open source project implementing the standard. Further, we also find that open processes for standardisation adopted by W3C may also contribute to open source projects implementing specific standards.
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| 8. |
- Gamalielsson, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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On the availability and effectiveness of open source software for digital signing of PDF documents
- 2015
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In: Open Source Systems: Adoption and Impact. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319178363 - 9783319178370 ; , s. 71-80
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Digital signatures are important in order to ensure the integrity and authenticity of information communicated over the Internet involving different stakeholders within and beyond the borders of different nations. The topic has gained increased interest in the European context and there is legislation and project initiatives aiming to facilitate use and standardisation of digital signatures. Open standards and open source implementations of open standards are important means for the interoperability and long-term maintenance of software systems implementing digital signatures. In this paper we report from a study aiming to establish the availability and effectiveness of software provided under an open source license for digital signing and validation of PDF documents. Specifically, we characterise the use of digital signatures in Swedish Governmental agencies, report on the interoperability of open source and proprietary licensed software for digital signatures in PDF documents, and establish the effectiveness of software provided under an open source license for validation of digital signatures in PDF documents.
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| 9. |
- Gustavsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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A High-Resolution TEM/EELS Study of the Effect of Doping Elements on the Sliding Mechanisms of Sputtered WS2 Coatings
- 2015
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In: Tribology Transactions. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-2004 .- 1547-397X. ; 58:1, s. 113-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It has been shown many times that cosputtering low-friction coatings of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) with other elements can improve the structural, mechanical, and tribological properties. To achieve the lowest friction, MoS2 or WS2 should be doped with element(s) improving the hardness and density of the coatings. On the other hand, such elements, or their compounds, should not be present in the outermost molecular layers at the sliding interface. This article suggests that there are important differences between how MoS2 and WS2 coatings respond to or react with doping elements, despite the almost identical structure and behavior of the undoped materials. Two systems have been investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), W-S-C-Cr and W-S-C-Ti, and showed significant amounts of oxides, which typically formed a layer just underneath the crystalline WS2 top layer. Further, carbon was almost completely absent in the tribofilms, despite the fact that the as-deposited coatings contained as much as 40-50 at% C. An interesting observation here is that WS2 basal planes surround or embed Fe wear particles, suggesting a relatively strong adhesion or a Fe-S chemical bonding between iron/steel and WS2. The result of this is that the wear particles become pacified and remain in the contact as low-friction material.
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| 10. |
- Gustavsson, Tomas, 1973-
(author)
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Assigned roles for Inter-team coordination in Large-Scale Agile Development: a literature review.
- 2017
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In: Proceedings of the XP2017 Scientific Workshops. - Cologne : University.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inter-team coordination has been recognized as one of the most important challenges in large-scale agile development settings. Except specific practices, such asScrum of Scrums meetings, certain roles are oftenreported to be responsible for areas of coordination incase studies. Although agile values state thatcoordination should be dealt with face-to-face byindividuals, two commonly used prescriptive frameworksfor large-scale agile development suggests contrastingways of coordinating regarding roles and theirresponsibilities. One propose additional coordinating roles leaving less mandate and autonomy to the single team while the other propose no additional roles, compared to the original roles of Scrum, allowing more autonomy to the teams. This literature review is an analysis of roles assigned with the responsibility for inter-team coordination in 42 case studies of large-scale agile development settings. The review shows that only four of the analyzed organizations appoints roles according to the large-scale agile frameworks. Rather, a wide range of different additional roles with different role tailoring is displayed where the majority is focusing on vertical coordination rather than horizontal coordination. In three of the cases, the role setup has specificallytargeted coordination for architectural issues. The study shows that the prescriptive frameworks are seen as toolboxes leaving the responsibility for tailoring to the single organization. This implies a stronger need for theoretical support on what to use as basis for tailoring of roles and their responsibilities.
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