| 1. |
- Ramos Santesmases, David, et al.
(author)
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Optical concentration in fully delineated mid-wave infrared T2SL detectors arrays
- 2023
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 123:18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The dependence of quantum efficiency (QE) on fill factor and pixel pitch is studied theoretically and experimentally in fully delineated type-II superlattice (T2SL) detectors. Theoretically, a 2-dimensional simulation model is used to compute the absorption in the array geometry, which shows an insensitivity of the optical response to the fill factor. This is a result of the photodiode array (PDA) geometry concentrating the light in the pixel area. QE measurements on PDAs with varying pixel pitch (from 225 to 10 μm) and fill factors (from 98% to 64%) confirm this independence of the QE on the fill factor and results in a 50% increase in the photocurrent density in 10 μm pitch PDAs compared to 225 μm pitch PDAs. Furthermore, measurements of the dark current density vs pixel size revealed an absence of surface leakage in these PDAs, which, combined with the increased photocurrent density results in an improved signal-to-noise ratio when reducing the pitch in these T2SL detectors. Finally, this result resolves the QE-modulation transfer function trade-off, as the electrical isolation of the pixel is carried out without impacting the QE of the array.
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| 2. |
- Ramos Santesmases, David, et al.
(author)
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Simulation and Characterization of the Modulation Transfer Function in Fully Delineated Type-II Superlattices Infrared Detectors
- 2024
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In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9383 .- 1557-9646. ; 71:4, s. 2459-2464
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The modulation transfer function (MTF) in fully delineated 15 μ m pitch type-II superlattice (T2SL) mid-wave infrared (IR) detectors is studied theoretically and experimentally. Theoretically, a 2-D model to simulate the spot scan (SS) profile is presented and used to compute the MTF as a function of the wavelength and the array geometry (pitch size, trench width). The dependence of the detector trench on the MTF is also evaluated experimentally by the edge spread function (ESF) method according to the ISO12233 standard. The experimental results show an excellent agreement with the theoretical model, reporting an MTF of 0.61 and 0.60 at the Nyquist frequency for 1 and 2 μ m trench, respectively. With the simulation model, the effect of the increased optical crosstalk for smaller pixel pitch is discussed as a function of the trench width (0.5, 1, and 2 μ m) and incidence angle up to ± 30 ∘ . Simulation results show MTF values at the Nyquist frequency between 0.61–0.62, 0.58–0.60, and 0.55–0.57 with an average degradation of 1%, 2%, and 7% at an angle of ± 30 ∘ compared to normal incidence for the 10, 7.5, and 5 μ m pitch, respectively.
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| 3. |
- Saunois, Marielle, et al.
(author)
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The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017
- 2020
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In: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3516 .- 1866-3508. ; 12:3, s. 1561-1623
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Atmospheric emissions and concentrations of CH4 continue to increase, making CH4 the second most important human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms of climate forcing, after carbon dioxide (CO2). The relative importance of CH4 compared to CO2 depends on its shorter atmospheric lifetime, stronger warming potential, and variations in atmospheric growth rate over the past decade, the causes of which are still debated. Two major challenges in reducing uncertainties in the atmospheric growth rate arise from the variety of geographically overlapping CH4 sources and from the destruction of CH4 by short-lived hydroxyl radicals (OH). To address these challenges, we have established a consortium of multidisciplinary scientists under the umbrella of the Global Carbon Project to synthesize and stimulate new research aimed at improving and regularly updating the global methane budget. Following Saunois et al. (2016), we present here the second version of the living review paper dedicated to the decadal methane budget, integrating results of top-down studies (atmospheric observations within an atmospheric inverse-modelling framework) and bottom-up estimates (including process-based models for estimating land surface emissions and atmospheric chemistry, inventories of anthropogenic emissions, and data-driven extrapolations).For the 2008–2017 decade, global methane emissions are estimated by atmospheric inversions (a top-down approach) to be 576 Tg CH4 yr−1 (range 550–594, corresponding to the minimum and maximum estimates of the model ensemble). Of this total, 359 Tg CH4 yr−1 or ∼ 60 % is attributed to anthropogenic sources, that is emissions caused by direct human activity (i.e. anthropogenic emissions; range 336–376 Tg CH4 yr−1 or 50 %–65 %). The mean annual total emission for the new decade (2008–2017) is 29 Tg CH4 yr−1 larger than our estimate for the previous decade (2000–2009), and 24 Tg CH4 yr−1 larger than the one reported in the previous budget for 2003–2012 (Saunois et al., 2016). Since 2012, global CH4 emissions have been tracking the warmest scenarios assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Bottom-up methods suggest almost 30 % larger global emissions (737 Tg CH4 yr−1, range 594–881) than top-down inversion methods. Indeed, bottom-up estimates for natural sources such as natural wetlands, other inland water systems, and geological sources are higher than top-down estimates. The atmospheric constraints on the top-down budget suggest that at least some of these bottom-up emissions are overestimated. The latitudinal distribution of atmospheric observation-based emissions indicates a predominance of tropical emissions (∼ 65 % of the global budget, < 30∘ N) compared to mid-latitudes (∼ 30 %, 30–60∘ N) and high northern latitudes (∼ 4 %, 60–90∘ N). The most important source of uncertainty in the methane budget is attributable to natural emissions, especially those from wetlands and other inland waters.Some of our global source estimates are smaller than those in previously published budgets (Saunois et al., 2016; Kirschke et al., 2013). In particular wetland emissions are about 35 Tg CH4 yr−1 lower due to improved partition wetlands and other inland waters. Emissions from geological sources and wild animals are also found to be smaller by 7 Tg CH4 yr−1 by 8 Tg CH4 yr−1, respectively. However, the overall discrepancy between bottom-up and top-down estimates has been reduced by only 5 % compared to Saunois et al. (2016), due to a higher estimate of emissions from inland waters, highlighting the need for more detailed research on emissions factors. Priorities for improving the methane budget include (i) a global, high-resolution map of water-saturated soils and inundated areas emitting methane based on a robust classification of different types of emitting habitats; (ii) further development of process-based models for inland-water emissions; (iii) intensification of methane observations at local scales (e.g., FLUXNET-CH4 measurements) and urban-scale monitoring to constrain bottom-up land surface models, and at regional scales (surface networks and satellites) to constrain atmospheric inversions; (iv) improvements of transport models and the representation of photochemical sinks in top-down inversions; and (v) development of a 3D variational inversion system using isotopic and/or co-emitted species such as ethane to improve source partitioning.The data presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-CH4-2019 (Saunois et al., 2020) and from the Global Carbon Project.
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| 4. |
- Eltahir, mohmo394, et al.
(author)
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Profiling of donor-specific immune effector signatures in response to rituximab in a human whole blood loop assay using blood from CLL patients
- 2021
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In: International Immunopharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 1567-5769 .- 1878-1705. ; 90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rituximab is widely used in the treatment of haematological malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), the most common leukaemia in adults. However, some patients, especially those with high tumour burden, develop cytokine release syndrome (CRS). It is likely that more patients will develop therapy linked CRS in the future due to the implementation of other immunotherapies, such as CAR T-cell, for many malignancies. Current methods for CRS risk assessment are limited, hence there is a need to develop new methods. To better recapitulate an in vivo setting, we implemented a unique human whole blood "loop" system to study patient-specific immune responses to rituximab in blood derived from CLL patients. Upon rituximab infusion, both complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) profiles were evident in CLL patient blood, coincident with CLL cell depletion. Whereas B cell depletion is induced in healthy persons in the blood loop, only patients display B cell depletion coupled with CRS. With the exception of one donor who lacked NK cells, all other five patients displayed variable B cell depletion along with CRS profile. Additionally, inhibition of CDC or ADCC via either inhibitors or antibody Fc modification resulted in skewing of the immune killing mechanism consistent with published literature. Herein we have shown that the human whole blood loop model can be applied using blood from a specific indication to build a disease-specific CRS and immune activation profiling ex vivo system. Other therapeutic antibodies used for other indications may benefit from antibody characterization in a similar setting.
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| 5. |
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| 8. |
- Pudelko, L., et al.
(author)
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Erratum : Glioblastoma and glioblastoma stem cells are dependent on functional MTH1 (Oncotarget (2017) 8 (84671-84684) DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19404)
- 2020
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In: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 11:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article has been corrected: The Funding information has been updated. The complete Funding list is shown below: FUNDING This work was supported by the Karolinska Institutes KID funding (LP), the Seve Ballesteros Foundation to MS, the Marie Curie foundation (CIG-618751 MS), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW2014.273 TH), the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (RB13-0224 TH), the Swedish Cancer Society (TH), the Swedish Research Council (2015-00162 TH), the Göran Gustafsson Foundation (TH), the Swedish Children’s Cancer Foundation (to TH), the Swedish Pain Relief Foundation (PR20140048 TH), the Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg Foundation (TH), and the European Research Council (TAROX-695376).
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| 9. |
- Rosso, Aldana, et al.
(author)
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Is there an impact of measurable residual disease as assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry on survival of AML patients treated in clinical practice? A population-based study
- 2021
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In: Leukemia and Lymphoma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 62:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Swedish national guidelines for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) recommend analysis of measurable residual disease (MRD) by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) in bone marrow in the routine clinical setting. The Swedish AML registry contains such MRD data in AML patients diagnosed 2011–2019. Of 327 patients with AML (non-APL) with MRD-results reported in complete remission after two courses of intensive chemotherapy 229 were MRD-negative (70%), as defined by <0.1% cells with leukemia-associated immunophenotype in the bone marrow. MRD-results were reported to clinicians in real time. Multivariate statistical analysis adjusted for known established risk factors did not indicate an association between MFC-MRD and overall survival (HR: 1.00 [95% CI 0.61, 1.63]) with a median follow-up of 2.7 years. Knowledge of the importance of MRD status by clinicians and individualized decisions could have ameliorated the effects of MRD as an independent prognostic factor of overall survival. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 10. |
- Vinkler, Michal, et al.
(author)
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Understanding the evolution of immune genes in jawed vertebrates
- 2023
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In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 36:6, s. 847-873
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Driven by co-evolution with pathogens, host immunity continuously adapts to optimize defence against pathogens within a given environment. Recent advances in genetics, genomics and transcriptomics have enabled a more detailed investigation into how immunogenetic variation shapes the diversity of immune responses seen across domestic and wild animal species. However, a deeper understanding of the diverse molecular mechanisms that shape immunity within and among species is still needed to gain insight into-and generate evolutionary hypotheses on-the ultimate drivers of immunological differences. Here, we discuss current advances in our understanding of molecular evolution underpinning jawed vertebrate immunity. First, we introduce the immunome concept, a framework for characterizing genes involved in immune defence from a comparative perspective, then we outline how immune genes of interest can be identified. Second, we focus on how different selection modes are observed acting across groups of immune genes and propose hypotheses to explain these differences. We then provide an overview of the approaches used so far to study the evolutionary heterogeneity of immune genes on macro and microevolutionary scales. Finally, we discuss some of the current evidence as to how specific pathogens affect the evolution of different groups of immune genes. This review results from the collective discussion on the current key challenges in evolutionary immunology conducted at the ESEB 2021 Online Satellite Symposium: Molecular evolution of the vertebrate immune system, from the lab to natural populations.
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