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- Holdaas, H., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of fluvastatin on cardiac outcomes in renal transplant recipients : A multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
- 2003
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 361:9374, s. 2024-2031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Renal transplant recipients are at increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Although statins reduce cardiovascular risk in the general population, their efficacy and safety in renal transplant recipients have not been established. We investigated the effects of fluvastatin on cardiac and renal endpoints in this population. Methods: We did a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 2102 renal transplant recipients with total cholesterol 4·0-9·0 mmol/L. We randomly assigned patients fluvastatin (n=1050) or placebo (n=1052) and follow up was for 5-6 years. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event, defined as cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or coronary intervention procedure. Secondary endpoints were individual cardiac events, combined cardiac death or non-fatal MI, cerebrovascular events, non-cardiovascular death, all-cause mortality, and graft loss or doubling of serum creatinine. Analysis was by intention to treat. Findings: After a mean follow-up of 5·1 years, fluvastatin lowered LDL cholesterol concentrations by 32%. Risk reduction with fluvastatin for the primary endpoint (risk ratio 0·83 [95% CI 0·64-1·06], p=0·139) was not significant, although there were fewer cardiac deaths or non-fatal MI (70 vs 104, 0·65 [0·48-0·88] p=0·005) in the fluvastatin group than in the placebo group. Coronary intervention procedures and other secondary endpoints did not differ significantly between groups. Interpretation: Although cardiac deaths and non-fatal MI seemed to be reduced, fluvastatin did not generally reduce rates of coronary intervention procedures or mortality. Overall effects of fluvastatin were similar to those of statins in other populations.
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| 5. |
- Holme, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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A zero-temperature study of vortex mobility in two-dimensional vortex glass models
- 2002
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Ingår i: Europhysics letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 60:3, s. 439-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three different vortex glass models are studied by examining the energy barrier against vortex motion cross the system. In the two-dimensional gauge glass this energy barrier is found to increase logarithmically with system size which opens up for the existence of low-temperature phase with zero resistivity. Associated with the large-energy barriers is breaking of ergodicity which explains why the well-established results from equilibrium studies could fail. The behavior of the more realistic random pinning model is however different with decreasing energy barriers and no finite critical temperature.
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| 6. |
- Holme, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Phase transitions in the two-dimensional random gauge XY model
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 67:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two-dimensional random gauge XY model, where the quenched random variables are magnetic bond angles uniformly distributed within [(-)rpi,rpi](0less than or equal torless than or equal to1), is studied via Monte Carlo simulations. We investigate the phase diagram in the plane of the temperature T and the disorder strength r and infer, in contrast to a prevailing conclusion in many earlier studies, that the system is superconducting at any disorder strength r for sufficiently low T. It is also argued that the superconducting to normal transition has different nature at weak disorder and strong disorder: termed Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) type and non-KT type, respectively. The results are compared to earlier works.
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| 7. |
- Melander, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Utilisation of antibiotics in young children: opposite relationships to adult educational levels in Danish and Swedish counties.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1041 .- 0031-6970. ; 59:4, s. 331-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Antibiotic utilisation varies profoundly among and within countries, and the extent of antibiotic utilisation correlates with the frequency of bacterial resistance, particularly among children. Hence, it is important to assess which factors may influence prescribing. In addition to variations in morbidity, health-care organisation, drug regulatory and supply systems, prescriber's attitudes, parents' behaviour, attitudes and socio-economic positions seem important. We compared socio-economic position (educational level of adults) and antibiotic utilisation in children in the municipalities within a Danish and a Swedish county which are geographically close, have similar social and economic development, and similar drug regulatory and supply systems. Methods. Data on antibiotic utilisation (1998), expressed in defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DDD/TID), were obtained from the Copenhagen County Health Insurance register and from the National Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies. Data on municipal educational levels were obtained from Statistics Denmark and Statistics Sweden. Results. The utilisation of antibiotics in 0- to 6-year-old children was higher in the Swedish than in the Danish county but varied between the municipalities within both the Swedish (9.6-17.7 DDD/TID) and the Danish (8.0-12.9 DDD/TID) counties. Most notably, utilisation rates correlated negatively with the education levels in the Danish (r=-0.539, P=0.021) but positively in the Swedish (r=+0.390, P=0.025) municipalities. Conclusion. The observed variations in antibiotic prescribing may reflect different parental and/or prescriber attitudes towards use of antibiotics and they emphasise that antibiotic prescribing is influenced by factors other than the prevalence of bacterial infections. Relationships between socio-economic position (educational level) and drug utilisation should not be generalised from one area to another.
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| 9. |
- Olsson, P., et al.
(författare)
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Transition in the two-dimensional step model : A Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in disguise
- 2001
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 6305:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence for a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in the two-dimensional (2D) step model is obtained from Monte Carlo determinations of the helicity modulus. It is argued that the free energy of a single vortex at the center of the system depends logarithmically on the system size in spite of the fact that the spin interaction is not harmonic for small differences in the spin angles. We conclude that this is the reason for the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in the 2D step model and that the harmonic spin interaction not is a necessary requirement.
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| 10. |
- Pedersen, T.R., et al.
(författare)
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Design and baseline characteristics of the Incremental Decrease in End Points through Aggressive Lipid Lowering study
- 2004
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Ingår i: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 94:6, s. 720-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Incremental Decrease in End Points through Aggressive Lipid Lowering (IDEAL) study is an investigator-initiated trial designed to determine whether additional clinical benefit might be gained through a strategy that decreases levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels better than those currently achieved with established statin therapy in patients who have coronary heart disease. IDEAL is a multicenter prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded, end point classification study. Patients who had myocardial infarction were randomized to prescription treatment with 80 mg/day of atorvastatin or 20 mg/day of simvastatin (the dose was increased to 40 mg/day at week 24 in those patients whose plasma total cholesterol remained >5.0 mmol/L, or 190 mg/dl, or whose low-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained >3.0 mmol/L, or 115 mg/dl). The primary clinical outcome variable is the time to initial occurrence of a major coronary event, which is defined as nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, coronary death, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. The study is designed to have a power of 90% to detect a relative decrease of 20% in the atorvastatin-group compared with the simvastatin-group in the number of major events caused by coronary heart disease over ~5.5 years. The 8,888 randomized patients had the following characteristics: mean age 61.7 ± 9.5 years, 19.1% women (mean age 64.0 ± 9.5 years), baseline total cholesterol 5.1 ± 1.0 mmol/L (197 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 3.2 ± 0.9 mmol/L (124 mg/dl), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 1.2 ± 0.3 mmol/L (46 mg/dl). Drug treatment before randomization consisted of statins in 77% of patients, aspirin in 78.9%, ß blockers in 75.1%, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in 30%. © 2004 by Excerpta Medica, Inc.
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