1. |
- Arnfalk, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Miljöarbete inom Svensk Tillverkningsindustri. En färd från myt till verklighet
- 2008
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Föreliggande undersökning genomfördes under hösten och vintern 2007 av forskare vid Internatio-nella Institutet för Industriell Miljöekonomi (IIIEE) vid Lunds Universitet på uppdrag av Miljömålsrå-det. Syftet med undersökningen var att belysa dagens miljöarbete inom tillverkningsindustrin och göra jämförelser med resultat från tidigare motsvarande studier som genomfördes 1991 och 1998. Syftet var också att belysa hur och i vilken omfattning de nationella miljökvalitetsmålen påverkar företagens miljöarbete. Rapporten bidrog därmed till den samlade utvärderingen av arbetet med de nationella miljökvalitetsmålen som presenterades under våren 2008. Undersökningen baserades på telefonintervjuer med miljöansvariga/personer som konkret utför miljöarbete i 272 slumpvis valda tillverkande företag fördelade över landet i olika branscher och storleksklasser. Bortfallsfrekvensen var 16 procent. Miljöarbetet undersöktes genom vilka konkreta åtgärder som genomförts inom olika områden, hur dessa åtgärder speglas i den övergripande bil-den av företagets miljöaspekter, hur miljöarbetet organiserats och personalen involverats. En sam-lad bedömning av företagens miljöarbete gjordes genom att indela dem i olika kategorier. Katego-rierna motsvarar en femgradig ”betygsskala” från miljöpassiva till miljöanpassade strategier för mil-jöarbetet. Företagens drivkrafter, policies och motiv för miljöarbete undersöktes också. Under tidsperioden 1991- 2007 har tillverknings¬industrins miljöarbete suc¬cessivt förbättrats. Kategorimedelvärdet (”medel¬betyget”) har höjts mellan varje undersökningstillfälle, såväl totalt sett som inom varje storleksklass, vilket framgår av diagrammet. Kategorimedel¬värdet för hela till-verkningsindustrin var år 2007 1,9 jämförelse med 1,4 år 1991. Kategorimedelvärdet för anställda inom tillverkningsindustrin har ökat från 2,1 år 1991 till 2,7 år 2007. Ett mönster som går igen från de tidigare undersökningarna är att de större företagen i allmänhet har mer utvecklat miljöarbete och tydligare miljöstrategi än de mindre företagen. De största företagen (>500 anställda) införde mycket av sitt miljöarbete under 1990-talet och har fortsatt att utveckla sitt miljöarbete. Det är dock bland de medelstora (50 – 499 anställda) företagen de tydligaste förbättringarna kan konstateras. Kategorimedelvärdet har även ökat inom storleksklassen småföretag (1- 49 anställda), men i väsentligt lägre utsträckning. Fortfarande är miljömedvetenheten relativt låg bland de minsta före-tagen. Miljökravställarna har skiftat från att domineras av miljömyndigheterna till i allt högre grad utgöras av kunder och konsumenter. Klassiska ”end-of-pipe”-lösningar på miljöproblemen har under perio-den 1991-2007 kompletterats en blandning av tekniska och organisatoriska åtgärder. Miljöanpass-ning av transporterna har seglat upp som en miljöaspekt som anses som allt viktigare och underle-verantörernas roll i miljöarbetet har fått större betydelse. Miljöarbetet integreras i styrningen och uppföljningen i företagen och ifrågasätts alltmer sällan. Företag med miljöledningssystem (ISO 14001) har generellt ett mer utvecklat och systematiskt miljöarbete. De flesta tillverkningsföretag (78 procent) känner inte till Sveriges 16 miljökvalitetsmål. Omkring var femte företag (21 procent) känner till målen, men endast 1 procent av företagen vet vilka de olika målen är. Dessa siffror präglas dock av småföretagens stora dominans i antal. Mer än hälften av de företag som har femtio eller fler anställda känner till miljökvalitetsmålen. Det är endast 5 procent av det totala antalet tillverkande företag som anser sig påverkade av miljömålen. Eftersom dessa i huvudsak är större företag sysselsätter de emellertid ca 30 procent av arbetskraften inom tillverk-ningsindustrin.
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2. |
- Bethke, Lara, et al.
(author)
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CASP8 D302H and meningioma risk : an analysis of five case-control series
- 2009
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In: Cancer Letters. - Clare : Elsevier. - 0304-3835 .- 1872-7980. ; 273:2, s. 312-315
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Caspase 8 (CASP8) is a key regulator of apoptosis or programmed cell death, and hence a defence against cancer. The CASP8 polymorphism D302H has recently been shown to influence the risk of breast cancer. We tested the hypothesis that the CASP8 polymorphism D302H may influence risk of meningioma through analysis of five independent series of case patients and controls (n=631 and 637, respectively). Carrier status for 302H was not associated with a statistically significantly increased risk (OR=1.16; 95% CI: 0.87-1.53; P=0.31) making it unlikely that this variant contributes to the inherited risk of meningioma.
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3. |
- Bethke, Lara, et al.
(author)
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Comprehensive analysis of DNA repair gene variants and risk of meningioma
- 2008
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In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 100:4, s. 270-276
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Meningiomas account for up to 37% of all primary brain tumors. Genetic susceptibility to meningioma is well established, with the risk among relatives of meningioma patients being approximately threefold higher than that in the general population. A relationship between risk of meningioma and exposure to ionizing radiation is also well known and led us to examine whether variants in DNA repair genes contribute to disease susceptibility.Methods: We analyzed 1127 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were selected to capture most of the common variation in 136 DNA repair genes in five case–control series (631 case patients and 637 control subjects) from four countries in Europe. We also analyzed 388 putative functional SNPs in these genes for their association with meningioma. All statistical tests were two-sided.Results: The SNP rs4968451, which maps to intron 4 of the gene that encodes breast cancer susceptibility gene 1–interacting protein 1, was consistently associated with an increased risk of developing meningioma. Across the five studies, the association was highly statistically significant (trend odds ratio = 1.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.28 to 1.93; Ptrend = 8.95 × 10−6; P = .009 after adjusting for multiple testing).Conclusions: We have identified a novel association between rs4968451 and meningioma risk. Because approximately 28% of the European population are carriers of at-risk genotypes for rs4968451, the variant is likely to make a substantial contribution to the development of meningioma.
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4. |
- Bethke, Lara, et al.
(author)
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Comprehensive analysis of the role of DNA repair gene polymorphisms on risk of glioma
- 2008
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In: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 17:6, s. 800-805
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Much of the variation in inherited risk of glioma is likely to be explained by combinations of common low risk variants. The established relationship between glioma risk and exposure to ionizing radiation led us to examine whether variants in the DNA repair genes contribute to disease susceptibility. We evaluated 1127 haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) supplemented with 388 putative functional SNPs to capture most of the common variation in 136 DNA repair genes, in five unique case–control series from four different countries (1013 cases, 1016 controls). We identified 16 SNPs associated with glioma risk at the 1% significance level. The highest association observed across the five independent case–control datasets involved rs243356, which maps to intron 3 of CHAF1A (trend odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.54; P = 0.0002; false-positive report probability = 0.055, based on a prior probability of 0.01). Our results provide additional support for the hypothesis that low penetrance variants contribute to the risk of developing glioma and suggest that a genetic variant located in or around the CHAF1A gene contributes to disease risk.
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5. |
- Bethke, Lara, et al.
(author)
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Functional polymorphisms in folate metabolism genes influence the risk of meningioma and glioma
- 2008
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In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 17:5, s. 1195-1202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Folate metabolism plays an important role in carcinogenesis. To test the hypothesis that polymorphic variation in the folate metabolism genes 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase (MTRR), and methionine synthase reductase (MTR) influences the risk of primary brain tumors, we genotyped 1,005 glioma cases, 631 meningioma cases, and 1,101 controls for the MTHFR C677A and A1298C, MTRR A66G, and MTR A2756G variants. MTHFR C677T-A1298C diplotypes were associated with risk of meningioma (P = 0.002) and glioma (P = 0.02); risks were increased with genotypes associated with reduced MTHFR activity. The highest risk of meningioma was associated with heterozygosity for both MTHFR variants [odds ratio (OR), 2.11; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.42-3.12]. The corresponding OR for glioma was 1.23 (95% CI, 0.91-1.66). A significant association between risk of meningioma and homozygosity for MTRR 66G was also observed (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.02-1.94). Our findings provide support for the role of folate metabolism in the development of primary brain tumors. In particular, genotypes associated with increased 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate levels are associated with elevated risk.
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6. |
- Bethke, Lara, et al.
(author)
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The Common D302H Variant of CASP8 Is Associated with Risk of Glioma
- 2008
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In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 17:4, s. 987-989
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Caspase 8 (CASP8) is a key regulator of apoptosis or programmed cell death, and, hence, a defense against cancer. We tested the hypothesis that the CASP8 polymorphism D302H influences risk of glioma through analysis of five series of glioma case patients and controls (n = 1,005 and 1,011, respectively). Carrier status for the rare allele of D302H was associated with a 1.37-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.70; P = 0.004). The association of CASP8 D302H with glioma risk indicates the importance of inherited variation in the apoptosis pathway in susceptibility to this form of primary brain tumor.
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8. |
- Henriksson, Richard, et al.
(author)
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Elevated synaptophysin I in the prefrontal cortex of human chronic alcoholics
- 2008
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In: Synapse. - : Wiley. - 0887-4476 .- 1098-2396. ; 62:11, s. 829-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Convergent lines of evidence suggest potentiation of glutamatergic synapses after chronic ethanol exposure, and indicate that the presynaptic effect hereof is on modulators of synaptic strength rather than on executors of glutamate release. To address this hypothesis in the context of ethanol dependence in humans, we used semiquantitative immunoblotting to compare the immunoreactivities of synaptophysin I, syntaxin 1A, synaptosome-associated protein 25, and vesicle-associated membrane protein in the prefrontal and motor cortices between chronic alcoholics and control subjects. We found a region-specific elevation in synaptophysin I immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex of alcoholics, but detected no significant differences between the groups in the immunoreactivities of the other three proteins. Our findings are consistent with an effect of repeated ethanol exposure on modulators of synaptic strength but not on executors of glutamate release, and suggest a role for synaptophysin I in the enduring neuroplasticity in the prefrontal cortical glutamate circuitry that is associated with ethanol dependence.
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9. |
- Hertz, Hans M., et al.
(author)
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Laboratory x-ray micro imaging : Sources, optics, systems and applications
- 2009
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In: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 186
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We summarize the recent progress in laboratory-scale soft and hard x-ray micro imaging in Stockholm. Our soft x-ray work is based on liquid-jet laser-plasma sources which are combined with diffractive and multilayer optics to form laboratory x-ray microscopes. In the hard x-ray regime the imaging is based on a liquid-metal-jet electron-impact source which provides the necessary coherence to allow phase-contrast imaging with high fidelity.
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10. |
- Isaksson-Mettävainio, Martin, et al.
(author)
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c-Met expression in primary tumors and their corresponding distant metastases
- 2009
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In: Molecular Medicine Reports. - Umeå : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-2997. ; 1:6, s. 787-790
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has beenimplicated in the pathogenesis and growth of a wide variety ofhuman malignancies, including CRC, but its role in metastasisis largely unknown. We compared c-Met expression in primaryhuman colorectal carcinomas and distant metastases from thesame patients. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissuesamples from 69 colorectal cancer patients were obtained. Theprotein expression of c-Met was evaluated immunohistochemicallyusing a commercial antibody. The difference inexpression between primary tumors and their correspondingdistant metastases was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signedranktest. c-Met expression was statistically significantlylower in the distant metastases compared to their correspondingprimary tumors (p<0.001), whereas no difference was foundbetween lymph node metastases and their correspondingprimary tumors (p=0.957). The degree of c-Met expressionwas not related to clinicopathological characteristics such astumor grade and Dukes' stage at the time of primary tumordiagnosis, or to the location of the distant metastases. Wedemonstrated that c-Met expression is often reduced in distantmetastases compared to their corresponding primary colorectaltumors. Additional studies of c-Met activation and signaltransduction will increase our knowledge about the role ofc-Met in colorectal cancer metastasis.
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