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- Meech, K. J., et al.
(author)
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EPOXI: Comet 103P/Hartley 2 Observations from a Worldwide Campaign
- 2011
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In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - London : IOP. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 734:L1, s. 1-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Earth- and space-based observations provide synergistic information for space mission encounters by providing data over longer timescales, at different wavelengths and using techniques that are impossible with an in situ flyby. We report here such observations in support of the EPOXI spacecraft flyby of comet 103P/Hartley 2. The nucleus is small and dark, and exhibited a very rapidly changing rotation period. Prior to the onset of activity, the period was ~16.4?hr. Starting in 2010 August the period changed from 16.6?hr to near 19?hr in December. With respect to dust composition, most volatiles and carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, the comet is similar to other Jupiter-family comets. What is unusual is the dominance of CO 2 -driven activity near perihelion, which likely persists out to aphelion. Near perihelion the comet nucleus was surrounded by a large halo of water-ice grains that contributed significantly to the total water production.
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| 2. |
- Hosseini, N., et al.
(author)
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Development of a numerical model for obtaining flame transfer function in a simplified slit burner with heat exchanger
- 2014
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In: 21st International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2014, ICSV 2014. ; , s. 1581-1588
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The goal of the present work is to develop a model to investigate the interactions between a burner and a heat exchanger, looking from a hydrodynamic and thermo-acoustic point of view. Thermo-acoustics of laminar premixed flames in open air have been studied by several researchers in the past decades. However, a burner in open air may behave differently compared to if situated in a combustion chamber enclosure. This could be related to the effect of temperature, the effect of flame shape (e.g. flames impinging on the heat exchanger walls in compact boilers), distribution of the flame on the burner deck, etc. The behavior of a linear array of a multiple Bunsen-type flames is studied on a 2D geometry in a CFD code to simulate the effects of heat exchanger addition on the thermo-acoustics of the flames. The location of the heat exchanger surface is varied for different conditions of power. A step profile velocity perturbation is used for obtaining the response of the flame represented within the flame transfer function approach. The calculated gain and phase of the flame transfer function are compared for different cases as the indicator of the thermo-acoustic behavior. Results show that the main parameter having considerable influence is the burner load and flame shape. The setup to experimentally investigate these effects will be constructed in near future.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Olsson, Mats J., et al.
(author)
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The Scent of Disease : Human Body Odor Contains an Early Chemosensory Cue of Sickness
- 2014
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In: Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-7976 .- 1467-9280. ; 25:3, s. 817-823
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Observational studies have suggested that with time, some diseases result in a characteristic odor emanating from different sources on the body of a sick individual. Evolutionarily, however, it would be more advantageous if the innate immune response were detectable by healthy individuals as a first line of defense against infection by various pathogens, to optimize avoidance of contagion. We activated the innate immune system in healthy individuals by injecting them with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). Within just a few hours, endotoxin-exposed individuals had a more aversive body odor relative to when they were exposed to a placebo. Moreover, this effect was statistically mediated by the individuals' level of immune activation. This chemosensory detection of the early innate immune response in humans represents the first experimental evidence that disease smells and supports the notion of a "behavioral immune response" that protects healthy individuals from sick ones by altering patterns of interpersonal contact.
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| 6. |
- Sandholm, Niina, et al.
(author)
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New susceptibility loci associated with kidney disease in type 1 diabetes
- 2012
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In: PLOS Genetics. - San Francisco, USA : Public Library of Science, PLOS. - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 8:9, s. e1002921-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Diabetic kidney disease, or diabetic nephropathy (DN), is a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that requires dialysis treatment or kidney transplantation. In addition to the decrease in the quality of life, DN accounts for a large proportion of the excess mortality associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Whereas the degree of glycemia plays a pivotal role in DN, a subset of individuals with poorly controlled T1D do not develop DN. Furthermore, strong familial aggregation supports genetic susceptibility to DN. However, the genes and the molecular mechanisms behind the disease remain poorly understood, and current therapeutic strategies rarely result in reversal of DN. In the GEnetics of Nephropathy: an International Effort (GENIE) consortium, we have undertaken a meta-analysis of genomewide association studies (GWAS) of T1D DN comprising similar to 2.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) imputed in 6,691 individuals. After additional genotyping of 41 top ranked SNPs representing 24 independent signals in 5,873 individuals, combined meta-analysis revealed association of two SNPs with ESRD: rs7583877 in the AFF3 gene (P = 1.2 x 10(-8)) and an intergenic SNP on chromosome 15q26 between the genes RGMA and MCTP2, rs12437854 (P = 2.0 x 10(-9)). Functional data suggest that AFF3 influences renal tubule fibrosis via the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) pathway. The strongest association with DN as a primary phenotype was seen for an intronic SNP in the ERBB4 gene (rs7588550, P = 2.1 x 10(-7)), a gene with type 2 diabetes DN differential expression and in the same intron as a variant with cis-eQTL expression of ERBB4. All these detected associations represent new signals in the pathogenesis of DN.
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