| 1. |
- Purcell, Shaun M., et al.
(author)
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Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
- 2009
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 460:7256, s. 748-752
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a lifetime risk of about 1%, characterized by hallucinations, delusions and cognitive deficits, with heritability estimated at up to 80%(1,2). We performed a genome-wide association study of 3,322 European individuals with schizophrenia and 3,587 controls. Here we show, using two analytic approaches, the extent to which common genetic variation underlies the risk of schizophrenia. First, we implicate the major histocompatibility complex. Second, we provide molecular genetic evidence for a substantial polygenic component to the risk of schizophrenia involving thousands of common alleles of very small effect. We show that this component also contributes to the risk of bipolar disorder, but not to several non-psychiatric diseases.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Brodin, N., et al.
(author)
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Coaching patients with early rheumatoid arthritis to healthy physical activity : A multicenter, randomized, controlled study
- 2008
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In: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - Hoboken, NJ : Wiley. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 59:3, s. 325-331
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. To investigate the effect of a 1-year coaching program for healthy physical activity on perceived health status, body function, and activity limitation in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Methods. A total of 228 patients (169 women, 59 men, mean age 55 years, mean time since diagnosis 21 months) were randomized to 2 groups after assessments with the EuroQol visual analog scale (VAS), Grippit, Timed-Stands Test, Escola Paulista de Medicina Range of Motion scale, walking in a figure-of-8, a visual analog scale for pain, the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index, a self-reported physical activity questionnaire, and the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints. All patients were regularly seen by rheumatologists and underwent rehabilitation as prescribed. Those in the intervention group were further individually coached by a physical therapist to reach or maintain healthy physical activity (=30 minutes, moderately intensive activity, most days of the week). Results. The retention rates after 1 year were 82% in the intervention group and 85% in the control group. The percentages of individuals in the intervention and control groups fulfilling the requirements for healthy physical activity were similar before (47% versus 51%, P > 0.05) and after (54% versus 44%, P > 0.05) the intervention. Analyses of outcome variables indicated improvements in the intervention group over the control group in the EuroQol VAS (P = 0.025) and muscle strength (Timed-Stands Test, P = 0.000) (Grippit, P = 0.003), but not in any other variables assessed. Conclusion. A 1-year coaching program for healthy physical activity resulted in improved perceived health status and muscle strength, but the mechanisms remain unclear, as self-reported physical activity at healthy level did not change. © 2008, American College of Rheumatology.
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| 4. |
- Lewin, Erik, et al.
(author)
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On the origin of a third spectral component of C1s XPS-spectra for nc-TiC/a-C nanocomposite thin films
- 2008
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In: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 202:15, s. 3563-3570
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of sputter-etched nc-TiC/a-C nanocomposite thin films published in literature show an extra feature of unknown origin in the C1s region. This feature is situated between the contributions of carbide and the carbon matrix. We have used high kinetic energy XPS (HIKE-XPS) on magnetron-sputtered nc-TiC/a-C thin films to show that this feature represents a third chemical environment in the nanocomposites, besides the carbide and the amorphous carbon. Our results show that component is present in as-deposited samples, and that the intensity is strongly enhanced by Ar+-ion etching. This third chemical environment may be due to interface or disorder effects. The implications of these observations on the XPS analysis of nanocomposites are discussed in the light of overlap problems for ternary carbon based systems.
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| 5. |
- Neidhardt, J., et al.
(author)
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Transmission electron microscopy studies and simulation of the indentation response of superelastic fullerenelike carbon nitride thin films
- 2008
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In: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 103:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The highly elastic behavior of fullerenelike carbon nitride thin films on single crystal Si (001) substrates has been studied by nanoindentation. The films exhibit a microstructure of frequently bent and intersecting graphene sheets. Transmission electron microscopy of indented areas revealed no tendency to plastic deformation in the highly elastic and compliant film. Also, a unique deformation pattern in the Si substrate is observed, where a {111} facetted inverted pyramid of untransformed Si remained intact under the indenter with a retained CNx /Si (001) interface. Analytical approaches using the effective indenter method, supported by finite element methods, are employed to understand the nonlinear but fully elastic behavior of the coatings as well as to describe the critical parameters for the deformation and phase transformation of the Si substrate. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.
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| 6. |
- Fang, C.M., et al.
(author)
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General trend of the mechanical properties of the ternary carbides M3SiC2 (M=transition metal)
- 2006
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 74:5, s. 054106-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present results from first-principles calculations of ternary transition metal carbides in the M3SiC2 series (where M=early transition metal). We predict structural and mechanical properties of these new MN+1AXN phases. The bulk modulus of the ternary carbides, M3SiC2, are in the calculations found to be proportional to the bulk modulus of the corresponding binary carbides, MC. We have analyzed this behavior using a simple, nearest-neighbor bond model, as well as from first-principles total energy calculations and have found that it is caused by a considerably weaker M-Si bond compared to the M-C bond.
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| 8. |
- Gunnarsson Sarius, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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Electrochemically based low-cost high precision processing in MOEMS packaging
- 2009
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In: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 54:9, s. 2458-2465
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Precision processing in MOEMS (micro-opto-electromechanical systems) packaging has been studied based on electrochemical processes with the purpose of establishing technology for low-cost multifunctional encapsulation of microsystems and assembly of opto-electric access links in polymer. The electrochemically based processes studied in this paper include: 1. Electroforming of a polymer moulding tool (stamper) in a nickel sulphamate electrolyte on a highprecision 3D etched silicon template. 2. Patterning of 3D surfaces by an electrophoretic photoresist. 3. Precision plating of Au and Sn for self-alignment of chips by eutectic Au-Sn solder. The results show that nickel stampers with adequately low internal stress can be electroformed on 3D silicon wafers. Furthermore, 3D polymer samples manufactured by the nickel stampers can be patterned with metal lines down to 20 mu m width using electrophoretic photoresist. Finally, eutectic Au-Sn solder bumps are realized by electroplating of Au and Sn followed by reflowing, satisfying the demands on dimension and alloy composition control over a 4 in. Si wafer.
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