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- Boman, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Strength of noise effects on memory as a function of noise source and age
- 2005
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In: Noise & Health. - : Medknow. - 1463-1741 .- 1998-4030. ; 7:27, s. 11-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objectives in this paper were to analyse noise effects on episodic and semantic memory performance in different age groups, and to see whether age interacted with noise in their effects on memory. Data were taken from three separate previous experiments, that were performed with the same design, procedure and dependent measures with participants from four age groups (13-14, 18-20, 35-45 and 55-65 years). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) meaningful irrelevant speech, (b) road traffic noise, and (c) quiet. The results showed effects of both noise sources on a majority of the dependent measures, both when taken alone and aggregated according to the nature of the material to be memorised. However, the noise effects for episodic memory tasks were stronger than for semantic memory tasks. Further, in the reading comprehension task, cued recall and recognition were more impaired by meaningful irrelevant speech than by road traffic noise. Contrary to predictions, there was no interaction between noise and age group, indicating that the obtained noise effects were not related to the capacity to perform the task. The results from the three experiments taken together throw more light on the relative effects of road traffic noise and meaningful irrelevant speech on memory performance in different age groups.
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| 2. |
- Enmarker, Ingela, et al.
(author)
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Structural equation models of memory performance across noise conditions and age groups
- 2006
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 47:6, s. 449-460
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Competing models of declarative memory were tested with structural equation models to analyze whether a second-order latent variable structure for episodic and semantic memory was invariant across age groups and across noise exposure conditions. Data were taken from three previous experimental noise studies that were performed with the same design, procedure, and dependent measures, and with participants from four age groups (13-14, 18-20, 35-45, and 55-65 years). Two noise conditions, road traffic noise and meaningful irrelevant speech, were compared to a quiet control group. The structural models put to the test were taken from Nyberg et al. (2003), which employed several memory tests that were the same as ours and studied age-groups that partly overlapped with our groups. In addition we also varied noise exposure conditions. Our analyses replicated and supported the second-order semantic-episodic memory models in Nyberg et al. (2003). The latent variable structures were invariant across age groups, with the exception of our youngest group, which by itself showed a less clear latent structure. The obtained structures were also invariant across noise exposure conditions. We also noted that our text memory items, which did not have a counterpart in the study by Nyberg et al. (2003), tend to form a separate latent variable loading on episodic memory.
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| 5. |
- Hygge, Staffan
(author)
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Dose-effect relationships between noise exposure and cognitive impairment
- 2006
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In: 26th International Congress on Applied Psychology.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The traditional way set up noise dose-effect relationships is to rely on cross-sectional studies, where narrow bands of actual or projected noise exposure levels are plotted against an effect, e.g. self-reported annoyance. When there is an abundance of noise levels to compute from, and a common scale for the effect measures, this procedure is straightforward. Means and confidence intervals of e.g. annoyance at a given noise level can be presented. However, setting up dose-effect relationships can be approached from another point if view. If the focus is shifted away from generating levels of effect at different noises doses to the relative change in effect by lowering or increasing the noise dose, the relevant information is found in the slope or 1st derivative of the noise dose-effect relationship. Just plotting noise-effect slopes from different studies, will, if the grouping of the slopes come out in a coherent and orderly way, set a platform for statements about gains and losses in effects as a result of changes in levels. This was done in the present paper for a set of cognitive outcomes of noise exposure. The results showed that reading and recall memory were the cognitive outcomes with the steepest slopes.
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| 6. |
- Hygge, Staffan
(author)
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Noise : effects on health
- 2007. - 2
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In: Cambridge handbook of psychology, health and medicine. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521605106 - 9780521879972 - 9780511543579 ; , s. 137-141
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Noise: nature and measurement Noise is often defined as unwanted sound or sounds that have an adverse effect on humans. What is sweet music for one person may be noise to someone else. Thus, noise is a psychological construct influenced both by physical and psychosocial properties. Sound is created by the rapidly changing pressure of air molecules at the eardrum. A single tone, such as that from a tuning fork, can be depicted as a fixed wavelength sinusoidal pressure distribution across time. The number of pressure cycles per second, measured in hertz (Hz), is the basis for the sensation of pitch. A healthy young ear is sensitive to sounds between approximately 20 Hz and up to 20 kHz. The amplitude of the sine wave is perceived as loudness. To accommodate the wide dynamic power range of the human ear a logarithmic magnitude scale for sounds has been introduced. Its unit is the decibel (dB). Adding two independent sound sources of the same dB-level will yield a sum that is ≈3 dB higher than one of them alone. The subjective effect of a change in 3 dB amounts to a just perceptible change. A change of around 10 dB is needed to experience the sound as twice as loud. The hearing threshold for pure tones is lowest in the frequency range 500–4000 Hz, which also is the range where human speech has its maximum energy content.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hygge, Staffan
(author)
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Om ljud och inlärning
- 2007
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In: Ljud och inlärning. - Lund : Lyssnande Lund, Ljudmiljöcentrum vid Lunds universitet, Lunds universitet. ; , s. 13-24
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Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 10. |
- Ljung, Robert, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Road Traffic Noise and Irrelevant Speech on Children’s Reading and Mathematical Performance
- 2009
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In: Noise & Health. - : Medknow. - 1463-1741 .- 1998-4030. ; 11:45, s. 194-198
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Irrelevant speech in classrooms and road traffic noise adjacent to schools have a substantial impact on children's ability to learn. Comparing the effects of different noise sources on learning may help construct guidelines for noise abatement programs. Experimental studies are important to establish dose-response relationships and to expand our knowledge beyond correlation studies. This experiment examined effects of road traffic noise and irrelevant speech on children's reading speed, reading comprehension, basic mathematics, and mathematical reasoning. A total of 187 pupils (89 girls and 98 boys), 12-13 years old, were tested in their ordinary classrooms. Road traffic noise was found to impair reading speed (P < 0.01) and basic mathematics (P < 0.05). No effect was found on reading comprehension or on mathematical reasoning. Irrelevant speech did not disrupt performance on any task. These findings are related to previous research on noise in schools and the implications for noise abatement guidelines are discussed.
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