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- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-
(author)
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The Europeanization of Swedish Alcohol Policy
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of this dissertation is to study the Europeanization of Swedish alcohol policy from 1995-2006. It analyses the development of Swedish and European alcohol policy and answers the following research questions: How has alcohol policy developed on the national and the EU level during this period? What are the Swedish alcohol policy initiatives on the EU level? What does the interplay between Swedish and European policy processes look like? Of interest for this dissertation is also how the Swedish view on alcohol policy has been received on EU level.The dissertation comprises four related articles and an introductory chapter. In the articles official documents and interviews are analyzed in the context of the literature on Europeanization, using the concepts framing, narrative and new modes of governance. Article I explores the history of negotiations between Sweden and the EU on the traveller’s allowances question. Article II and III analyse how Swedish authorities, first through research and later through formal policy-making during the Swedish Presidency, tried to reframe alcohol on the EU-level. Finally, the fourth article is a comparative analysis of the Nordic retail monopolies, analyzing how the monopolies have developed and reacted to national and international pressures on their activities.The dissertation shows that Swedish authorities have influenced the EU level by putting alcohol on the agenda, and offered pressure and economic support to make sure that alcohol as a public health question has become and been kept as a prioritized question. This development is, however, nested inside the changing scope and emphasis of the EU. The emergence of a European alcohol policy as a public health-oriented process has been made possible through a new focus on the EU level, with increased cooperation between member states and a trend toward harmonization of policy and frames when it comes to alcohol.
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- Forshed, Jenny, et al.
(author)
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Enhanced multivariate analysis by correlation scaling and fusion of LC/MS and 1H-NMR data
- 2007
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In: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. - : Elsevier B.V. - 0169-7439 .- 1873-3239. ; 85:2, s. 179-185
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method to enhance the multivariate data interpretation of, for instance, metabolic profiles is presented. This was done by correlation scaling of 1H NMR data by the time pattern of drug metabolite peaks identified by LC/MS, followed by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The variables responsible for the discrimination between the dosed and control rats in this model were then eliminated in both data sets. Next, an additional PARAFAC analysis was performed with both LC/MS and 1H NMR data, fused by outer product analysis (OPA), to obtain sufficient class separation. The loadings from this second PARAFAC analysis showed new peaks discriminating between the classes. The time trajectories of these peaks did not agree with the drug metabolites and were detected as possible candidates for markers. These data analyses were also compared with the PARAFAC analysis of raw data, which showed very much the same loading peaks as for the correlation-scaled data, although the intensities differed. Elimination of the variables correlated with the drug metabolites was therefore necessary to be able to select the peaks which were not drug metabolites and which discriminated between the classes.1
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- Forshed, Jenny, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of different techniques for fusion of LC/MS and 1HNMR data
- 2007
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In: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. - 0169-7439 .- 1873-3239. ; 85:1, s. 102-109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the analyses of highly complex samples (for example, metabolic fingerprinting), the data might not suffice for classification when using only a single analytical technique. Hence, the use of two complementary techniques, e.g., LUMS and H-1-NMR, might be advantageous. Another possible advantage from using two different techniques is the ability to verify the results (for instance, by verifying a time trend of a metabolic pattern). In this work, both LC/MS and H-1-NMR data from analysis of rat urine have been used to obtain metabolic fingerprints. A comparison of three different methods for data fusion of the two data sets was performed and the possibilities and difficulties associated with data fusion were discussed. When comparing concatenated data, full hierarchical modeling, and batch modeling, the first two approaches were found to be the most successful. Different types of block scaling and variable scaling were evaluated and the optimal scaling for each case was found by cross validation. Validations of the final models were performed by means of an external test set.(2)
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- Forshed, Jenny, 1972-
(author)
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Processing and analysis of NMR data : Impurity determination and metabolic profiling
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis describes the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry as an analytical tool. The theory of NMR spectroscopy in general and quantitative NMR spectrometry (qNMR) in particular is described and the instrumental properties and parameter setups for qNMR measurements are discussed. Examples of qNMR are presented by impurity determination of pharmaceutical compounds and analysis of urine samples from rats fed with either water or a drug (metabolic profiling). The instrumental parameter setup of qNMR and traditional data pre-treatments are examined. Spectral smoothing by convolution with a triangular function, which is an unusual application in this context, was shown to be successful regarding the sensitivity and robustness of the method in paper II. In addition, papers III and IV comprise the field of peak alignment, especially designed for 1H-NMR spectra of urine samples. This is an important preprocessing tool when multivariate analysis is to be applied. A novel peak alignment method was developed and compared to the traditional bucketing approach and a conceptually different alignment method.Univariate, multivariate, linear and nonlinear data analyses were applied to qNMR data. In papers I–II, calibration models were created to examine the potential of qNMR for these applications. The data analysis in papers III–VI was mainly explorative. The potential of data fusion and data correlation was examined in order to increase the possibilities of analysing the highly complex samples from metabolic profiling (papers V–VI). Data from LC/MS analysis of the same samples were used with the 1H-NMR data in different ways. Correlation analyses between the 1H-NMR data and the drug metabolites identified from the LC/MS data were also performed. In this process, data fusion proved to be a valuable tool.
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