| 1. |
- Gyllensten, Hanna, 1979, et al.
(author)
-
A national research centre for the evaluation and implementation of person-centred care: Content from the first interventional studies
- 2020
-
In: Health Expectations. - : Wiley. - 1369-6513 .- 1369-7625. ; 23:5, s. 1362-1375
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Person-centred care (PCC) has been suggested as a potential means to improve the care of patients with chronic and long-term disorders. In this regard, a model for PCC was developed by the University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC). OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to explore the theoretical frameworks, designs, contexts and intervention characteristics in the first 27 interventional studies conducted based on the ethics for person-centredness provided by the GPCC. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A questionnaire to the principal investigators of the 27 intervention studies financed by the GPCC and conducted between 2010 and 2016. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Theoretical frameworks, contexts of studies, person-centred ethic, and outcome measures. RESULTS: Most of the interventions were based on the same ethical assumptions for person-centredness but theories and models in applying the interventions differed. All studies were controlled; 12 randomized and 15 quasi-experimental. Hospital in- and outpatient and primary care settings were represented and the outcome measures were related to the specific theories used. A complexity in designing, introducing and evaluating PCC interventions was evident. CONCLUSION: The frameworks, designs and interventions in the studies were in line with the established ethical basis of PCC, whereas outcome measures varied widely. Consensus discussions among researchers in the field are needed to make comparisons between studies feasible. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTIONS: Patients or the public made no direct contributions, although most of the studied projects included such initiatives.
|
|
| 2. |
- Davydova, Erna, et al.
(author)
-
The methyltransferase METTL9 mediates pervasive 1-methylhistidine modification in mammalian proteomes
- 2021
-
In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Post-translational methylation plays a crucial role in regulating and optimizing protein function. Protein histidine methylation, occurring as the two isomers 1- and 3-methylhistidine (1MH and 3MH), was first reported five decades ago, but remains largely unexplored. Here we report that METTL9 is a broad-specificity methyltransferase that mediates the formation of the majority of 1MH present in mouse and human proteomes. METTL9-catalyzed methylation requires a His-x-His (HxH) motif, where “x” is preferably a small amino acid, allowing METTL9 to methylate a number of HxH-containing proteins, including the immunomodulatory protein S100A9 and the NDUFB3 subunit of mitochondrial respiratory Complex I. Notably, METTL9-mediated methylation enhances respiration via Complex I, and the presence of 1MH in an HxH-containing peptide reduced its zinc binding affinity. Our results establish METTL9-mediated 1MH as a pervasive protein modification, thus setting the stage for further functional studies on protein histidine methylation.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dellenborg, Liselott (Lisen), 1966, et al.
(author)
-
Perspectives on Sexuality Among Patients with Hypopituitarism: Broadening the Medical Focus on Sexual Function to Include Sexual Wellbeing
- 2020
-
In: Sexuality and Disability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0146-1044 .- 1573-6717. ; 38:3, s. 515-532
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hypopituitarism means a partial or complete inability to produce pituitary hormones, including those regulating gonadal function. The condition therefore leads to hormone deficiencies that may affect sexuality in various ways. This study aimed to explore patients' own experiences of hypopituitarism in relation to sexuality, and it is based on interviews with 19 men and women. A qualitative methodology inspired by Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics was used. Analysis revealed that current healthcare practices, which focus primarily on sexual functioning, fail to address patients' existential concerns about loneliness, loving relationships and selfhood. Another important finding was that women felt that their sexual functioning and wellbeing tended to go unnoticed, while men said that healthcare professionals focused mainly on erectile function rather than problems with sexual wellbeing. Cultural and gender norms were apparent in these healthcare interactions, and proactive efforts to improve awareness is required in order to improve the quality of care provided to these patients. Healthcare professionals need time, space and support for reflection so that they may enhance their knowledge about the complexity of sexuality and discuss the results of research into hormone replacement in men and women. They also need support to develop critical awareness of how gendered norms about sexuality may negatively affect the care provided to persons with hypopituitarism.
|
|
| 4. |
- Envall, Ida, et al.
(author)
-
What is the effect of giving the grazers access to additional nutrient sources on biodiversity in semi-natural pastures? A systematic review protocol
- 2021
-
In: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 10:1
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Semi-natural pastures are unfertilized grasslands with a long history of traditional low-input grazing management. This kind of pastures are recognized for their high species richness. However, as a consequence of modernization of agriculture, many of the semi-natural pastures have been lost during the last century, leading to a serious threat to farmland biodiversity. Semi-natural pastures are relatively low in productivity. Hence, to increase profitability, farmers may want to give the grazing animals access to additional nutrient sources. This can be done either as supplementary feeding, or by fencing the semi-natural pastures into the same enclosure as improved, more nutrient-rich, pastures. These practices are, however, controversial. It is argued that since semi-natural pastures are species-rich partly because they are nutrient-poor, introducing additional nutrients into the system should be avoided. Accordingly, in Sweden, these interventions are often prohibited while receiving financial subsidies for management of semi-natural pastures. However, since many farmers are dependent on such support to maintain their pastures, these prohibitions often cause problems. The question has been raised whether giving the grazers access to additional nutrient sources really affect the biodiversity in semi-natural pastures, as is assumed. The primary aim of the proposed systematic review is to answer this question.Method: Peer-reviewed and grey literature will be searched for using bibliographic databases, search engines, specialist websites and stakeholder contacts. The references will be screened for relevance according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria. The criteria will be tested and clarified iteratively, until consistency in interpretations is achieved. Thereafter, the literature will be screened in two stages, first based upon title and abstract and then by examining full texts. Full text screening will be performed with blinded decisions by two independent reviewers. Each relevant study will then be critically appraised, based on a set of predefined validity criteria. A narrative synthesis will be provided, outlining the evidence base in terms of bibliographic information and study metadata. If possible, quantitative syntheses based on meta-analyses will be performed. Identified relevant knowledge gaps will be highlighted and discussed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Lundin Gurné, Frida, et al.
(author)
-
District nurses' perspectives on health-promotive and disease-preventive work at primary health care centres: A qualitative study.
- 2023
-
In: Scandinavian journal of caring sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 37:1, s. 153-162
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Health promotion and disease prevention are of utmost importance for sustainable health care and primary health care. District nurses play a key role in primary health care centres, where they meet people suffering from, and/or having risk factors for, non-communicable diseases.The study aim was to describe district nurses' perspectives on their health-promotive/disease-preventive work at primary health care centres.Interviews were conducted with 16 district nurses at primary health care centres in Sweden. An interpretive descriptive approach was employed for the analysis.The district nurses integrated a focus on health-promotive and disease-preventive work into every patient encounter, which manifested through four intertwined themes: finding opportunities and striving for visibility; building relationships; considering patients' life situations; and inviting patients to share responsibility. Our findings show how, through a flexible approach, the district nurses strived for equal health and care for all, and how the care was built on a shared responsibility between the district nurse and patient, where district nurses aimed to empower patients to take action for their own health.The district nurses described health-promotive endeavours, in line with person-centred care in prioritising building relationships with patients, starting from their lived experience. They spoke of barriers, at both micro and macro levels, to health-promotive/disease-preventive work. These included language barriers, the impact of the media, and the overall organisation of primary health care. The work at primary health care centres should be restructured to clarify the district nurse's role, and to strengthen community outreach, and thereby improve individuals' access to support in lifestyle changes.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lundin Gurné, Frida, et al.
(author)
-
Seeking lifestyle counselling at primary health care centres: a cross-sectional study in the Swedish population
- 2023
-
In: BMC Primary Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2731-4553. ; 24:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Millions of people follow an unhealthy lifestyle in terms of tobacco consumption, hazardous use of alcohol, poor eating habits, and insufficient physical activity. Healthy lifestyles can to a large extent prevent and/or delay progression of non-communicable diseases. Factors influencing persons health-seeking behaviour regarding unhealthy lifestyles are of importance for sustainable health-promotive and disease-preventive work in primary health care. Generally, lifestyle interventions within primary health care are seen as feasible, but rarely reach all members of the general population. Few studies have been conducted about the likelihood among the general population to voluntarily contact a primary health care centre for support regarding lifestyle changes. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the general population’s likelihood of contacting a primary health care centre regarding their lifestyles, and factors associated with a lower such likelihood. Methods: A probability sample of adults living in Sweden (n = 3750) were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey regarding how societal developments affect attitudes and behaviours of the adult Swedish population. Data were collected between September and December 2020. Participants completed a questionnaire about lifestyle changes, and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The response rate was 52.0% (n = 1 896). Few persons responded that they would be likely to contact a primary health care centre for support regarding their lifestyles. Factors predicting a lower likelihood of contacting primary health care included few yearly visits to a primary health care centre, male sex, and living in a rural area. Conclusions: Primary health care centres are not the first choice for lifestyle counselling for the majority of adults living in Sweden. We have identified factors predicting low likelihood of using the support available at these centres. In order to work with sustainable and visible health-promotive and disease-preventive strategies at primary health care centres, these settings need to find valid methods to involve and collaborate with the members of the general community, to meet the needs of a population struggling with unhealthy lifestyles.
|
|
| 7. |
- McKenna, James, 1987-
(author)
-
Divergence, admixture and continuity in the human past : Demographic inference using ancient and modern genomes
- 2022
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Demographic forces shaping the genetic variation we observe today can include population divergences, admixture events and continuity through time. The advancement of high-throughput sequencing technologies, together with developments in molecular and bio-informatics methods, mean the number of ancient genomes available for inference has risen steeply. To make effective use of aDNA however, inference tools need to be developed that account for temporal as well as geographic sampling of genomes. Here I have developed, evaluated and applied methods for estimating divergence times between ancient and modern populations. I used simulation to study the sensitivity of these approaches to violations of model assumptions, before applying them to study the history of population divergence between pairs of populations from a global panel. Non-tree-like demography is common in the human past, with evidence of ancestral structure in the form of archaic admixture in the genomes of all non-African modern humans. Using SNP-array data collected from 118 ethnic groups in the Philippines, I show that the highest levels of Denisovan ancestry are found among the Ayta Magbukon, further highlighting the complex history between modern human groups and the archaic hominins occupying Eurasia before our arrival. Among the most important contributions population genetics has made to the study of the human past is the demonstration that cultural transitions and spread of technologies were often associated with migrating groups of people. This can result in the admixture, displacement or replacement of populations, and aDNA provides us with the opportunity to assess these trends directly through time. I developed a statistical tool to detect population continuity through time, evaluating its performance using simulation. Applied to a dataset of ancient genomes from Early Neolithic Scandinavia, I demonstrate population continuity in the hunter-gathering Pitted Ware culture, despite these people overlapping both geographically and temporally with farmers of the Funnel Beaker culture. In another study of the hunter-gatherer ancestors of the San people of southern Africa, I show evidence that this group exhibited long-term population isolation, remaining unaffected by admixture from outside southern Africa until surprisingly recent times. Using these ancient genomes, I provide further evidence that all modern Khoe-San populations exhibit significant levels of admixture with people of non-Khoe-San ancestry, demonstrating the strong impact migrations in this region have had in the past ~2,000 years.
|
|
| 8. |
- Melin, Jeanette, et al.
(author)
-
Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease (SEMCD) scale : translation and evaluation of measurement properties for a swedish version
- 2023
-
In: Archives of Public Health. - : BioMed Central Ltd. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 81:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Reinforcing self-efficacy in patients is important in person-centered care; therefore, reliable and valid measures of a person’s self-efficacy is of clinical relevance. A questionnaire suitable for self-efficacy and patient engagement that is not limited to a particular condition is the Self-efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease (SEMCD). This study aims to evaluate the measurement properties of a Swedish translation of the SEMCD with a Rasch analysis. Methods: The translation and cultural adaptation of the SEMCD was performed according to the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) recommendations. Self-reported data was collected from two cohorts: patients with pituitary tumors (n = 86) and patients on sick leave due to common mental disorders (n = 209). Measurement properties were evaluated with a Rasch analysis in RUMM2030. Results: The original six-item SEMCD did not fit to a unidimensional scale. Two items, item 5 and item 6, deviated both statistically and conceptually and were removed. A four-item solution, the SEMCD-4 with collapsed thresholds for mid-range response options, showed good targeting and unidimensionality, no item misfit, and a reliability of 0.83. Conclusion: In a Swedish context with a mix of patients with pituitary tumors or common mental disorders, SEMCD-4 showed satisfactory measurement properties. Thus, SEMCD-4 could be used to identify patient self-efficacy in long-term illnesses. This knowledge about patient self-efficacy may be of importance to tailor person-centered support based on each patient´s resources, needs and goals. © 2023, The Author(s).
|
|
| 9. |
- Pakpour, Amir H., et al.
(author)
-
The Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) : A psychometric evaluation of adolescents in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2024
-
In: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 10:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) is effective in assessing positive aspects of mental health. Despite its advantages, little is known about group differences in the interpretation of SWEMWBS items across age groups, especially during the adolescence period. Hence, this study examined the psychometric properties of the SWEMWBS through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Rasch analysis and network analysis of Swedish adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 5548 participants from the south of Sweden (i.e., Jönköping County) took part in this cross-sectional study through an online platform between September 2020 and October 2020. The CFA, Rasch (including differential item functioning, DIF) analysis and network analysis were used to examine the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the SWEMWBS. The SWEMWBS had a unidimensional structure with robust psychometric properties. The CFA demonstrated measurement invariance across gender, school year and country of birth, which was also confirmed by Rasch DIF. Furthermore, considerable associations between the items of the SWEMWBS, general health and COVID-19 impact items were observed in network analysis. The SWEMWBS showed robust psychometric properties capable of assessing positive aspects of mental health and well-being among adolescents.
|
|
