| 1. |
- Ranstam, J., et al.
(author)
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Rising incidence of breast cancer among young women in Sweden
- 1990
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In: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 61:1, s. 120-122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The national Swedish cancer registry was used to analyse the age-specific time trends in breast cancer incidence in Sweden from 1970 to 1984. The analysis included both a calendar year and a birth cohort approach to estimate time trends in disease occurrence. According to the birth cohort approach there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence with an average annual increase of the incidence of 3.2% (P= 0.0114), 3.4% (P= 0.0002) and 2.2% (P = 0.0264) in the age groups 25-29, 30-34 and 35-39, respectively. Possible causes of the observed increasing incidence are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Ranstam, J., et al.
(author)
-
Survival in breast cancer and age at start of oral contraceptive usage
- 1991
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In: Anticancer research. - 0250-7005. ; 11:6, s. 2043-2046
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In general, findings in studies on oral contraceptives (OCs) and breast cancer have not indicated prognosis to be worse among users of OCs. In few studies, however, has age at the start of OC usage been considered as a prognostic factor. In the present study prognosis in breast cancer is compared with OC usage particularly with age at the start of OC usage among 193 consecutive patients at the Department of Oncology University Hospital Lund. An earlier series of 193 breast cancer patients at Malmo General Hospital is included for comparisons. In the Lund series five-year survival was 62% among women who started to use OCs before the age of 20, 78% among those who started to use OCs between the ages of 20 and 25, and 86% among non-users and those who started to use OCs after the age of 25 (p = 0.009 test for homogeneity). Although age was found to be a prognostic factor in the Lund series (RR = 0.90, p = 0.001) this was not so in the earlier (older) Malmo series. The relationship with age differed significantly between the two series (p = 0.003) suggesting the apparent effect of age at diagnosis to be a cohort effect due to the introduction of OCs during the sixties. The age-specific relationship between survival and OC usage would seem to indicate the presence of a biological mechanism in which OCs may participate during precancerous and early stages of breast cancer.
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