| 1. |
- Duan, Shanghong, 1992, et al.
(author)
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BUILDING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SYMMETRIC STRUCTURAL BATTERY
- 2022
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In: ECCM 2022 - Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Composite Materials: Composites Meet Sustainability. ; 3, s. 1169-1174
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recently, a structural battery with multifunctional carbon fibre anode has been reported. The energy density of active material is not fully extracted due to the low ionic conductivity inside the battery. To identify the main region that attributes to the low ion transportation, we assemble a symmetric structural battery with one anode layer in the centre sandwiched between two cathode layers. Such a design can also be treated as a combination of two asymmetric batteries with one full thickness cathode layer plus one half thickness anode layer. Thus, the travelled distance of lithium ions is shortened only in the anode part. It is found that the area energy density of the symmetric structural battery is doubled compared to a reference asymmetric battery. Thus, the additional cathode layer activates the double amount of carbon fibres in the anode. A plausible reason is that only the carbon fibres next to the separator is activated in the battery.
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| 2. |
- Johansen, Marcus, 1994, et al.
(author)
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Best Practices for Analysis of Carbon Fibers by Atom Probe Tomography
- 2022
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In: Microscopy and Microanalysis. - 1435-8115 .- 1431-9276. ; 28:4, s. 1092 -1101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Carbon fiber technology drives significant development in lightweight and multifunctional applications. However, the microstructure of carbon fibers is not completely understood. A big challenge is to obtain the distribution of heteroatoms, for instance nitrogen, with high spatial resolution in three dimensions. Atom probe tomography (APT) has the potential to meet this challenge, but APT of carbon fibers is still relatively unexplored. We performed APT on three types of carbon fibers, including one high modulus type and two intermediate modulus types. Here, we present the methods to interpret the complex mass spectra of carbon fibers, enhance the mass resolution, and increase the obtained analysis volume. Finally, the origin of multiple hit events and possible methods to mitigate multiple hit events are also discussed. This paper provides guidance for future APT studies on carbon fibers, and thus leads the way to a deeper understanding of the microstructure, and consequently advancements in wide applications of carbon fibers.
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| 3. |
- Johansen, Marcus, 1994, et al.
(author)
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EFFECT OF LITHIUM INSERTION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF INDIVIDUAL COMMERCIAL PAN CARBON FIBRES FOR MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITES
- 2022
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In: ECCM 2022 - Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Composite Materials: Composites Meet Sustainability. ; 5, s. 320-327
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Carbon fibres can act simultaneously as structural reinforcement and battery electrode. Such multifunctionality is utilised in structural batteries where energy storing capabilities are integrated into load-carrying components, thus creating “mass-less energy storage”. Lightweight energy storage is desirable for various applications, particularly electric vehicles, whose driving range is heavily inhibited by the weight of conventional lithium-ion battery packs. Structural batteries rely on the ability of carbon fibres to host lithium-ions in their microstructure. Currently, there is a lack in knowledge of how lithium atoms distribute in carbon fibres and what the effects on individual fibres are. Here, with AES and XPS, we elucidate the element distribution in pristine and lithiated T800 PAN-based carbon fibres. Furthermore, mechanical properties are investigated with single filament tensile tests and fractography. It gives an increased understanding of the effect of lithiation on mechanical performance of carbon fibres.
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| 4. |
- Xu, Johanna, 1989, et al.
(author)
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A multicell structural battery composite laminate
- 2022
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In: EcoMat. - : Wiley. - 2567-3173. ; 4:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multifunctional materials facilitate lightweight and slender structural solutions for numerous applications. In transportation, construction materials that can act as a battery, and store electrical energy, will contribute to realization of highly energy efficient vehicles and aircraft. Herein, a multicell structural battery composite laminate, with three state-of-the-art structural battery composite cells connected in series is demonstrated. The experimental results show that the capacity of the structural battery composite cells is only moderately affected by tensile loading up to 0.36% strain. The multicell structural battery laminate is made embedding the three connected structural battery composite cells between carbon fiber/glass fiber composite face sheets. Electrochemical performance of the multicell structural battery is demonstrated experimentally. High charge transfer resistance for the pack as well as the individual cells is reported. Mechanical performance of the structural battery laminate is estimated by classical laminate theory. Computed engineering in-plane moduli for the multicell structural battery laminate are on par with conventional glass fiber composite multiaxial laminates.
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| 5. |
- Xu, Johanna, 1989, et al.
(author)
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COATING OF LFP/GRAPHENE OXIDE ON CARBON FIBRES AS POSITIVE ELECTRODES FOR STRUCTURAL BATTERIES
- 2022
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In: ECCM 2022 - Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Composite Materials: Composites Meet Sustainability. ; 5, s. 240-245
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Structural battery composites are carbon fibre-based materials with the ability to simultaneously carry mechanical load and store electrical energy. This study investigates a method for manufacturing structural positive electrodes via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Electrostatic forces on different scales are exploited in the EPD process. On the nanoscale, electrostatic interactions are employed for self-assembly of the nanometric components, followed by EPD on the macroscale with carbon fibres immersed in organic solution to attract the nanoscale components. Hereby, we use LiFePO4 as the active material, where electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO) is compared with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a multifunctional carbon additive.
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