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- Andersson, Gunnel, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Urinary incontinence prevalence, impact on daily living and desire for treatmentt : a population-based study
- 2004
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In: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 38:2, s. 125-130
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence in a representative population in Sweden, and to assess to what extent the condition affects daily life and to what degree those afflicted desire treatment.MATERIAL AND METHODS:In a population-based study, a postal questionnaire comprising 12 questions on urinary incontinence was sent to a representative sample of 15 360 randomly selected residents (aged 18-79 years) of Orebro County, Sweden. This was a supplement to a comprehensive survey of public health and general living conditions.RESULTS:The response rate was 64.5%. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 19% when defined as "any leakage" and 7% when defined as "at least once a week". Women were more afflicted than men, and the proportion of people with urinary incontinence increased markedly with increasing age. Most considered their problems to be minor, having little impact on daily life, which was reflected by the fact that only 18% of those with urinary incontinence desired treatment. About 17% of those with urinary incontinence reported severe problems that interfered with daily life. Of respondents with severe problems, 42% did not want treatment.CONCLUSION:According to this population-based study, urinary incontinence is not a major problem for most people in the community. Although a considerable proportion of the population report urinary incontinence, the majority experience minor problems and only 18% desire treatment. For a limited group of people, urinary incontinence is a severe problem. It is important that healthcare resources are optimized to identify and meet the needs of those who are most afflicted.
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- Frenne, Nicklas, et al.
(author)
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Sound Source Characterisation and Transfer Path Analysis with Time Histories
- 2003
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In: International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration. - : International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration (IIAV). - 1027-5851 .- 2415-1408. ; 8:3, s. 167-175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The article describes a method to separate time histories of partial sound sources. The goal is to develop a noise control engineering tool for use in sound quality improvement applications. Contributions from partial sound sources are identified. The partial sound sources may be ranked for the purpose of creating a better mixture of sound in selected listening positions. The strategy is to reproduce time histories of sources of importance. The method described includes experimental and calculation parts. The experimental part consists of the recording of sound pressure time signals, reciprocal measurement of frequency response functions, and source strength esti- mation of partial sound sources. The calculation part comprises calculation of the cross-spectral matrix of source strength, calculation of filters, and filtered sound pressure recording to obtain time signals of the individual sources. Usually the contribution from partial sources is impossible to record directly. In this laboratory experi- ment, such control was possible. The laboratory experiment shows that the method described makes it possible to produce informative separation of time histories of partial sound sources. The effects of the errors in the cal- culated time histories are audible but not pronounced.
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- Johansson, Örjan, et al.
(author)
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CaseMaster – an interactive tool for case-based learning over the network
- 2004
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In: @ - Learning in Higher Education II. - Linz : Trauner Verlag. - 3854876238 ; , s. 66-80
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Research in the field of networked learning is steadily growing due to high capabilities of computer and telecommunication systems. Tools are developed to support web-based learning and the case method is often used in different ways to teach various subjects. The goal of the CaseMaster project was to develop a Web-based platform supporting presentation of and work with cases as well as other learning scenarios over the Web and to test this way of working. CaseMaster allows creating cases (course content) as a non-linear structure like a story with one start, but with many possible different endings. A typical case often includes problems that need to be solved, connected questions, and a portfolio. First, a teacher creates a case and stores it in CaseMaster, then students work with the case and the teacher overviews the students' results, and, finally, a follow-up seminar is conducted. CaseMaster has been successfully used in the PharmaPaC project for learning pharmacology and the SwedKid project for learning more about i.e. treatment of minorities, the position of recent refugees and immigrants. The platform was also used in the course "ICT and learning" at IML. The advantages of this platform are as follows. CaseMaster advocates human interaction and gives possibility for solving problems together. CaseMaster encourages a blended learning with human meetings and discussions without attempts to replace the teacher. It does not direct the students through the content. The students will be able to create their own paths through the case and argue for their decisions. In further research, we will concentrate on evaluation of the technical functionality of CaseMaster and investigation of how much CaseMaster affects the learning process compared with traditional ways of working.
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