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- Andersen, Kim, et al.
(author)
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Maintenance and Reformation of News Repertoires: A Latent Transition Analysis
- 2022
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In: Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. - : SAGE Publications. - 1077-6990 .- 2161-430X. ; 99:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today’s media environment provides people ample opportunities for constructing news habits fitting their preferences, but our knowledge about the dynamics of such news habits is limited. Using a four-wave panel survey from Sweden and taking a news repertoires approach, the study identifies four groups of news users labeled Public service-oriented traditionalists, Minimalists, Engaged pluralists, and Quality-oriented explorers, which are each related to news interest, trust in mainstream news media, and socio-demographic factors in distinct ways. The news repertoires are highly stable, even during profound contextual change, showing that people most often maintain their news habits and only seldom reform them.
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| 3. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Nu krävs satsning på forskning för ett hållbart arbetsliv
- 2021
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In: Dagens Medicin. - 1104-7488.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Debatt: Vi vill att forskningsråden skapar tvärvetenskapliga regionala forskningscentrum för arbetslivsforskning, som är internationellt konkurrenskraftiga och ger nationellt och regionalt kunskapsstöd. Dessa centrum ska ge kunskaper för både befintliga och framtida utmaningar. Stora vinster kan fås om forskning om folkhälsa och yttre miljö samordnas i centrumen. Arbetslivet är grunden för hälsa, välstånd och ett välfungerande samhälle. För att säkra att framtidens arbetsliv bidrar till hälsa och välstånd behövs både kunskap om hur det ska utformas och en uthållig infrastruktur för forskning. Tyvärr saknas detta. Gammal kunskap faller i glömska.
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- Demmelmaier, Ingrid, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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Does exercise intensity matter for fatigue during (neo-)adjuvant cancer treatment? The Phys-Can randomized clinical trial
- 2021
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 31:5, s. 1144-1159
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exercise during cancer treatment improves cancer-related fatigue (CRF), but the importance of exercise intensity for CRF is unclear. We compared the effects of high- vs low-to-moderate-intensity exercise with or without additional behavior change support (BCS) on CRF in patients undergoing (neo-)adjuvant cancer treatment. This was a multicenter, 2x2 factorial design randomized controlled trial (Clinical Trials NCT02473003) in Sweden. Participants recently diagnosed with breast (n = 457), prostate (n = 97) or colorectal (n = 23) cancer undergoing (neo-)adjuvant treatment were randomized to high intensity (n = 144), low-to-moderate intensity (n = 144), high intensity with BCS (n = 144) or low-to-moderate intensity with BCS (n = 145). The 6-month exercise intervention included supervised resistance training and home-based endurance training. CRF was assessed by Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI, five subscales score range 4-20), and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scale (FACIT-F, score range 0-52). Multiple linear regression for main factorial effects was performed according to intention-to-treat, with post-intervention CRF as primary endpoint. Overall, 577 participants (mean age 58.7 years) were randomized. Participants randomized to high- vs low-to-moderate-intensity exercise had lower physical fatigue (MFI Physical Fatigue subscale; mean difference −1.05 [95% CI: −1.85, −0.25]), but the difference was not clinically important (ie <2). We found no differences in other CRF dimensions and no effect of additional BCS. There were few minor adverse events. For CRF, patients undergoing (neo-)adjuvant treatment for breast, prostate or colorectal cancer can safely exercise at high- or low-to-moderate intensity, according to their own preferences. Additional BCS does not provide extra benefit for CRF in supervised, well-controlled exercise interventions.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, F., et al.
(author)
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3D-thermal modelling of a bifacial agrivoltaic system: a photovoltaic module perspective
- 2022
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In: Energy Nexus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2772-4271. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presents a 3D computational fluid dynamic model to evaluate the temperature distribution and energy performances of a vertical bifacial photovoltaic module for agrivoltaic applications. This last is compared to a conventionally tilted bifacial photovoltaic module for ground-mounted applications. The simulations are performed in SolidWorks Flow Simulation® and validated with measured data gathered from the first experimental agrivoltaic system in Sweden. Additionally, four more simulations scenarios were defined to compare the performances of vertically mounted and conventionally tilted bifacial photovoltaic modules under different operating conditionsThe validation of the computational fluid dynamic model shows that the model tends to underestimate the readings performed with the thermal camera in the order of 3°C to 4°C for the vertical bifacial PV module. The comparison of the results obtained from the computational fluid dynamic model with existing models available in literature shows a good agreement. The comparison of the heat distribution from the computational fluid dynamic model and the thermal images also shows a good agreement. In all the scenarios investigated, the vertical bifacial photovoltaic module's overall efficiency was higher than that of the ground-mounted module due to lower average operating temperatures. The use of the computational fluid dynamic approach for studying the performance of a single photovoltaic module showed promising results that can be extended to study the system performance and microclimatic conditions.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Karna, 1982-
(author)
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Altered body composition in adults with complex congenital heart disease
- 2021
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: Thanks to achievements in paediatric heart surgery and medicine, the population of adults with surgically repaired or palliated congenital heart defects is growing. Many of these adults have reduced exercise capacity, weaker muscular strength and shorter height, all of which suggest an altered body composition.The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the body composition, in terms of bone, muscle and fat mass, in adults with complex congenital heart disease (CHD). Changes as such may be of prognostic importance and thus suggest future therapeutic targets outside the traditional hunting grounds of the cardiologist.Material and methods: The overall material consisted of two cohorts. The first cohort, recruited in a Swedish multicentre study, comprised 73 adult patients with complex CHD and 73 controls, matched for age and sex. Participants were examined with full body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), providing muscle, bone and fat mass for arms, legs and trunk respectively (papers I and II).The second cohort, recruited within a single centre study, comprised 49 adult patients with complex CHD and 49 age and sex matched controls. Participants were examined with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), providing slices of forearm and calf, describing muscle, bone and fat area and corresponding density (papers III and IV). Muscular strength in selected muscle groups was also evaluated in both cohorts.Results: More than half of the adults with complex CHD had a pathologically low skeletal muscle mass and strength compared to controls, a trait referred to as sarcopenia. There was a strong association between forearm muscle mass and grip strength.Bone mass was lower in adults with complex CHD, according to both DXA and pQCT analyses, also when adjusting for shorter height. Patients also had lower full body bone mineral density (BMD) as measured with DXA. However, analysis of BMD in limbs with pQCT showed no such reduction. Despite this latter finding, the strength-strain index (a surrogate marker for bone strength provided by pQCT in the lower limbs) was still lower in patients compared to controls.Female patients had a higher amount of fat, both in terms of fat mass and proportion of fat, in comparison to controls. The fat mass was predominantly distributed around the internal organs, known as visceral adipose tissue. Male patients showed no such difference regarding fat mass compared to controls.Conclusion: Consequences of living with complex CHD go far beyond the heart; this young population presents a reduced skeletal muscle mass as well as reduced bone strength – both premature traits of frailty, prone to increase with further ageing. Also, women with complex CHD have an increased amount of visceral adipose tissue, which may elevate the risk of acquired heart disease.The extent of future complications remains to be seen. However, the standard treatments for both sarcopenia and osteoporosis include optimal nutritional intake and increased physical exercise. These measures should start sooner rather than later, preferably evaluated through existing quality registers and interventional trials.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Surgery for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Versus Definitive Chemoradiotherapy With Salvage Surgery as Needed : The Study Protocol for the Randomized Controlled NEEDS Trial
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2234-943X. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The globally dominant treatment with curative intent for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) with subsequent esophagectomy. This multimodal treatment leads to around 60% overall 5-year survival, yet with impaired post-surgical quality of life. Observational studies indicate that curatively intended chemoradiotherapy, so-called definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) followed by surveillance of the primary tumor site and regional lymph node stations and surgery only when needed to ensure local tumor control, may lead to similar survival as nCRT with surgery, but with considerably less impairment of quality of life. This trial aims to demonstrate that dCRT, with selectively performed salvage esophagectomy only when needed to achieve locoregional tumor control, is non-inferior regarding overall survival, and superior regarding health-related quality of life (HRQOL), compared to nCRT followed by mandatory surgery, in patients with operable, locally advanced ESCC.Methods: This is a pragmatic open-label, randomized controlled phase III, multicenter trial with non-inferiority design with regard to the primary endpoint overall survival and a superiority hypothesis for the experimental intervention dCRT with regard to the main secondary endpoint global HRQOL one year after randomization. The control intervention is nCRT followed by preplanned surgery and the experimental intervention is dCRT followed by surveillance and salvage esophagectomy only when needed to secure local tumor control. A target sample size of 1200 randomized patients is planned in order to reach 462 events (deaths) during follow-up.
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| 10. |
- Sandberg, Camilla, et al.
(author)
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Low bone mineral density in adults with complex congenital heart disease
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 319, s. 62-66
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: The majority of children with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) survive into adulthood due to advances in medical care. Adult patients with CHD have an increased incidence of diagnoses related to ageing such as heart failure, dementia, cancer and sarcopenia, despite a relatively low age. They also have a shorter life expectancy. It is unknown if their bone structures also show signs of premature ageing. We therefore investigated Bone Mineral Content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in an adult population with complex CHD.Methods: The total body BMC and BMD was examined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 73 adults with complex CHD (mean age 35.8 ± 14.3, women n = 22) and 73 age and sex matched controls.Results: The adults with complex CHD had lower total body BMC (2.6 ± 0.5 kg vs. 2.9 ± 0.5 kg, p < 0.001) and BMD (1.18 ± 0.12 g/cm2 vs. 1.26 ± 0.11 g/cm2, p < 0.001) compared to controls. BMD was lower for patients with single ventricle physiology and for the other complex diagnoses, and it persisted after correction for most common risk factors for osteoporosis.Conclusion: Adults with complex CHD have reduced total body BMC and BMD compared to healthy controls. These results are a sign of frailty that conforms with other previously reported signs of premature ageing. The risk of osteoporosis is low in our relatively young population, but it is assumed to increase with ageing. We recommend that clinicians pay close attention to risk factors for osteoporosis, and are generous in administering DXA-measurements in order to prevent future fractures among adults with complex CHD.
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