| 1. |
- Assarsson, Rebecka, et al.
(author)
-
Gender inequality and adolescent suicide ideation across Africa, Asia, the South Pacific and Latin America : a cross-sectional study based on the Global School Health Survey (GSHS)
- 2019
-
In: Global Health Action. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Suicide ideation is a health issue affecting adolescents worldwide. There are significant variations in suicide ideation between countries and genders, which have not been fully explained. Research is especially lacking in countries outside Europe and North America. Gender equality has been shown to matter in other aspects of adolescent mental health, such as life satisfaction, but has not been researched in relation to suicide ideation at national level.Objective: To investigate how national gender inequality is related to self-reported suicide ideation among adolescents, and whether this association differs between boys and girls.Methods: This is a cross-national, cross-sectional study using individual survey data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey, a survey in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the South Pacific, developed and supported by among others the WHO and the CDC; connecting this to national data: the gender inequality index from the UNDP; controlling for GDP per capita and secondary school enrolment. The data was analysed using a multilevel logistic regression method and included 149,306 students from 37 countries.Results: Higher national gender inequality, as measured by the gender inequality index, was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of suicide ideation in both girls and boys (odds ratio: 1.38 p-value: 0.015), but for girls and both sexes this was only after adjusting for selection bias due to secondary school enrolment (as well as GDP/capita). Interaction models showed that this association was stronger in boys than in girls.Conclusions: National gender inequality seems to be associated with higher levels of suicide ideation among adolescents in mainly low- and middle-income countries, especially among boys.
|
|
| 2. |
- Cazzaniga, Walter, et al.
(author)
-
Population-based, nationwide registration of prostatectomies in Sweden
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Wiley. - 0022-4790 .- 1096-9098. ; 120:4, s. 803-812
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a common surgical procedure with a risk of postoperative erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. There is a need for data on RP as a basis for quality assurance and benchmarking. Methods In 2015, prostatectomies in Sweden (PiS) form was implemented in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) of Sweden with data on pre-, peri- and post-operative variables. Results Out of all radical prostatectomies performed in 2016 in Sweden, 3096/3881 (80%) were registered in PiS. A total of 2605 (84%) were robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and 491 (16%) were RRP (retropubic radical prostatectomy). RARP was performed by 91 surgeons of whom 47% operated more than 25 RP/year; and RRP was performed by 69 surgeons of whom 10% performed more than 25 RP/year. RARP had a longer operative time (median operating time: RARP 155 minutes [IQR 124-190]; RRP 129 minutes [IQR 105-171]; P < .001) but was associated with smaller bleeding (median intraoperative blood loss: RARP 100 mL [IQR 50-200], RRP 700 mL [IQR 500-1100]; P < .001). Conclusions We report on a nationwide, population-based register with transparent reporting of data on the performance of radical prostatectomy. These data are needed as a basis for quality assurance with comparisons of results from individual surgeons and hospitals.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dods, Robert, 1989, et al.
(author)
-
From Macrocrystals to Microcrystals: A Strategy for Membrane Protein Serial Crystallography.
- 2017
-
In: Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-4186 .- 0969-2126. ; 25:9, s. 1461-1468
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Serial protein crystallography was developed at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and is now also being applied at storage ring facilities. Robust strategies for the growth and optimization of microcrystals are needed to advance the field. Here we illustrate a generic strategy for recovering high-density homogeneous samples of microcrystals starting from conditions known to yield large (macro) crystals of the photosynthetic reaction center of Blastochloris viridis (RCvir). We first crushed these crystals prior to multiple rounds of microseeding. Each cycle of microseeding facilitated improvements in the RCvir serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) structure from 3.3-Å to 2.4-Å resolution. This approach may allow known crystallization conditions for other proteins to be adapted to exploit novel scientific opportunities created by serial crystallography.
|
|
| 4. |
- Eriksson K., Susanna, et al.
(author)
-
Geometrical and energetical structural changes in organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells probed using photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT
- 2016
-
In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 18:1, s. 252-260
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of alkoxy chain length in triarylamine based donor acceptor organic dyes are investigated with respect to the electronic and molecular surface structures on the performance of solar cells and the electron lifetime. The dyes were investigated when adsorbed on TiO2 in a configuration that can be used for dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Specifically, the two dyes D35 and D45 were compared using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The differences in solar cell characteristics when longer alkoxy chains are introduced in the dye donor unit are attributed to geometrical changes in dye packing while only minor differences were observed in the electronic structure. A higher dye load was observed for D45 on TiO2. However, D35 based solar cells result in higher photocurrent although the dye load is lower. This is explained by different geometrical structures of the dyes on the surface.
|
|
| 5. |
- Escobar, Zilma, et al.
(author)
-
N-Conjugate prodrugs of galiellalactone
- 2016
-
In: Tetrahedron Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4039. ; 57:36, s. 4090-4093
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A series of amine adducts of the fungal metabolite galiellalactone (1) were prepared by reacting galiellalactone with different secondary amines via a Lewis acid catalyzed Michael addition. The adducts were assayed for in vitro effects toward prostate cancer cell lines and found to possess a similar ability to inhibit cell proliferation as galiellalactone itself. It was found that the Michael addition of amines to 1 is a reversible reaction, releasing 1 at different rates depending on the conditions, and that the adducts are potential prodrugs of galiellalactone. The chemical stability of the amine adducts is especially sensitive to pH, increasing at a lower pH.
|
|
| 6. |
- Escobar, Zilma, et al.
(author)
-
Preclinical Characterization of 3β-(N-Acetyl l -cysteine methyl ester)-2aβ,3-dihydrogaliellalactone (GPA512), a Prodrug of a Direct STAT3 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 59:10, s. 4551-4562
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transcription factor STAT3 is a potential target for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Galiellalactone (1), a direct inhibitor of STAT3, prevents the transcription of STAT3 regulated genes. In this study we characterized 6 (GPA512, Johansson, M.; Sterner, O. Patent WO 2015/132396 A1, 2015), a prodrug of 1. In vitro studies showed that 6 is rapidly converted to 1 in plasma and is stable in a buffer solution. The pharmacokinetics of 6 following a single oral dose indicated that the prodrug was rapidly absorbed and converted to 1 with a tmax of 15 min. Oral administration of 6 in mice increased the plasma exposure of the active parent compound 20-fold compared to when 1 was dosed orally. 6 treated mice bearing DU145 xenograft tumors had significantly reduced tumor growth compared to untreated mice. The favorable druglike properties and safety profile of 6 warrant further studies of 6 for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
|
|
| 7. |
- Godtman, Rebecka Arnsrud, 1981, et al.
(author)
-
Development and validation of a prediction model for identifying men with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer for whom bone imaging is unnecessary: a nation-wide population-based study
- 2019
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 53:6, s. 378-384
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To develop and validate a nomogram that identifies men for whom bone scan is unnecessary. Material and methods: The study datasets were derived from the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) of Sweden. All men in the NPCR <= 80 years of age who were diagnosed with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer and who had pretreatment bone imaging (Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy, plain x-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and/or positron emission tomography fused with computed tomography) were included. Men diagnosed from 2015-2016 formed a development dataset and men diagnosed in 2017 formed a validation dataset. Outcome was metastasis on bone imaging as registered in NPCR. Multivariable logistic regression was used to develop a nomogram. Results: In the development dataset 482/5084 men (10%) had bone metastasis, the corresponding percentage in the validation dataset was 282/2554 (11%). Gleason grade group, clinical T stage, and prostate-specific antigen were included in the final model. Discrimination and calibration were satisfactory in both the development (AUC 0.80, 95% CI 0.78-0.82) and validation dataset (AUC 0.80, 95% CI, 0.77-0.82). Compared with using the EAU guidelines' recommendation for selecting men for imaging, using the nomogram with a cut-off at 4% chance of bone metastasis, would have avoided imaging in 519/2068 men (25%) and miss bone metastasis in 10/519 (2%) men in the validation dataset. Conclusion: By use of our nomogram, bone scans of men with prostate cancer can be avoided in a large proportion of men.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hellsten, Rebecka, et al.
(author)
-
The STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone inhibits the generation of MDSC-like monocytes by prostate cancer cells and decreases immunosuppressive and tumorigenic factors
- 2019
-
In: Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137. ; 79:14, s. 1611-1621
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated in cancer drug resistance, metastasis, and immunosuppression and has been identified as a promising therapeutic target for new anticancer drugs. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a major role in the suppression of antitumor immunity and STAT3 is involved in the accumulation, generation, and function of MDSCs. Thus, targeting STAT3 holds the potential of reversing immunosuppression in cancer. This study aims to investigate the effect of the small molecule STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone on prostate cancer cell– induced generation of MDSCs from monocytes and the effect on immunosuppressive factors and inflammatory cytokines. Methods: Primary human monocytes were cocultured with prostate cancer cells (DU145, PC3, and LNCaP-IL6) or with conditioned medium (CM) from prostate cancer cells in the presence or absence of the STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone. Monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry for an MDSC-like phenotype (CD14+ HLA-DR−/lo). The secretion and gene expression of immunosuppressive factors and inflammatory cytokines from prostate cancer cells and monocytes were investigated. Results: Galiellalactone blocked the prostate cancer cell–induced generation of MDSC-like monocytes with an immunosuppressive phenotype ex vivo. Monocytes cultured with CM from prostate cancer cells showed increased expression of phosphorylated STAT3. Prostate cancer cells increased the expression of interleukin1β (IL1β), IL10, and IL6 in monocytes which was inhibited by galiellalactone. In addition, galiellalactone decreased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene expression in monocytes. Galiellalactone reduced the levels of IL8 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor in prostate cancer cells per se. Conclusion: The STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone may prevent the prostate cancer cell–induced generation of MDSCs and reverse the immunosuppressive mechanisms caused by the interplay between prostate cancer cells and MDSCs. This is a potential new immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of prostate cancer.
|
|
| 9. |
- Johansson, Daniel, et al.
(author)
-
Assessment of Metal Cutting Tools using Cost Performance Ratio and Tool Life Analyses
- 2019
-
In: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 38, s. 816-823
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Critical raw materials (CRM) are extensively used in tools for metal cutting, such as in cemented carbide tools (cobalt and tungsten), because they provide desired characteristics of high fracture toughness and wear resistance. Both academia and industry are examining CRM-free material alternatives, such as tools based on polycrystalline diamond (PCD) or ceramic materials. These materials are generally more cost intensive as compared to cemented carbide but could also provide higher efficiency in terms of material removal rate. Material removal rate and tool costs have a substantial influence on the final part cost. When deciding on tool material, the manufacturing industry is either looking for the most cost effective alternative or the alternative providing the highest productivity output. The purpose of this paper is to provide industry with decision support for selection of tool and cutting data that provide the financial most sound production set-up. This work aims to present a novel methodology combining the Colding tool life model and a previously presented model for cost performance ratio. A previous publication provided a method to assess technological solutions and investments based on final part cost. The developed methodology in this article combines cutting performance and production performance to allow a comprehensive cost assessment for a production process. The assessment includes cutting data, tool life and costs of tooling, quality rejections, process availability, equipment investment, personnel and facility. A case study based on experimental data is presented to verify the proposed methodology.
|
|
| 10. |
- Johansson, Daniel, et al.
(author)
-
Equivalent Chip Thickness and its Influence on Tool Life
- 2018
-
In: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 25, s. 344-350
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the accuracy of using the Woxén equivalent chip thickness to represent feed, depth of cut, nose radius and major cutting angle in tool life modeling of machining low alloy steel in longitudinal turning. Hägglund’s way of calculating the equivalent chip thickness has been used and compared to the Woxén equation. The equivalent chip thickness was held constant as the tool life was recorded for varied feeds and depths of cut. The results show that the tool life decreases for an increase of depth of cut and a decrease of feed, using the same equivalent chip thickness.
|
|
