| 1. |
- Carney III, John F, et al.
(author)
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Side impact crash testing of highway safety hardware
- 1991
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In: Proceedings of Strategic Highway Research Program and Traffic Safety on Two Continents. Conference in Gothenburg, Sweden, September 18-20, 1991. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 25-42
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 2. |
- Chen, F., et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of a workstation for letter sorting in the Beijing post office
- 1993
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In: Occupational and environmental economics. - : Indian Society of Ergonomics.. - 819005080X ; , s. 61-66
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the Chinese postal system, letters are sorted manually using a sorting frame, consisting of vertical and horizontal arrays of pigeon-holes of different dimensions. Letter sorting is a time consuming and a mentally intensive task involving repetitive movements of shoulder and hand muscles. Musculoskeletal complaints and disorders of the lower back, shoulder and hand occur frequently among the letter sorting workers. A total of 293 letter-sorters (71 males and 222 females) from Beijing Postal Sorting Office were subjected to a general health check-up including musculoskeletal disorders coupled with administration of a questionnaire. The worker's daily work load was evaluated by counting the number of letters sorted in each pigeon-hole in the sorting frame and also by considering their arm movements and body postures. The workplace dimensions were also measured. Results revealed that 62.1% of the workers complained of low back pain, 78.5% of shoulder pain and 48.8% of hand pain. A high percentage of workers seemed to have mental intensive symptoms, such as, headache, dizziness and drowsiness. Almost 25% of the female wokers indicated irregularity in their menstruation. An improved ergonomic design of the sorting frame is recommended.
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| 3. |
- Gaillard, Marie-Jose, et al.
(author)
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A late Holocene record of land-use history, soil erosion, lake trophy and lake-level fluctuations at Bjäresjösjön (South Sweden) changes in southern Sweden
- 1991
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In: Journal of Paleolimnology. - 0921-2728 .- 1573-0417. ; 6, s. 51-81
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Land-use history, soil ersosion, lake trophy and lake-level fluctuations during the last 3000 years werereconstructed through a multidisciplinary palaeolimnological study (pollen, plant macrofossils, diatoms,physical and chemical analysis, magnetic measurements and radiometric methods) of a small eutrophiclake in southern Sweden (Bj~resjOsjOn, Scania). There are striking responses in diatom, chemical,sediment yield and magnetic records to land-use changes documented by pollen analysis or historicalsources, and to lake-level changes identified from sedimentary changes. Our multidisciplinary approachassists interpretation of the processes controlling long-term changes and separation of the effects ofdifferent factors (land-use changes, lake-level fluctuations) on individual biostratigraphical records.Climate has controlled processes in the lake indirectly, through lake-level fluctuations, from the LateBronze Age to the Viking Age (700 BC-AD 800). Since the Viking Age, land-use controlled most of thechanges observed in the lake's development and soil erosion processes. Major changes in lake developmentoccurred during the last 200 years, due to a drastic increase in soil erosion and water eutrophicationduring a period of agricultural modernization.
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| 4. |
- Gaillard, Marie-Jose, et al.
(author)
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A multidisciplinary study of Lake Bjäresjö (S Sweden): land-use history, soil erosion, lake trophy and lake-level fluctuations during the last 3000 years
- 1991
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In: Hydrobiologia. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 214, s. 107-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The lake Bjaresjosjon, Southern Scania, Southern Sweden, was studied in the context of the project 'The cultural landscape of the past 6000 years in Southern Sweden'. Pollen, plant macrofossils, diatoms, physical and chemical analysis, magnetic measurements and radiometric methods (Pb-210, C-14) have been used to study palaeoecological changes, i.e. climate, land use, lake trophy and soil erosion during the past 3000 years. This multidisciplinary study shows striking responses of diatom communities, physical and chemical characteristics, sediment yields and magnetic parameters to land-use changes and lake-level fluctuations. Moreover, the latter are closely related to the settlement history at the site, inferred from archaeological records and historical sources. Before 650 AD, the limnological development was affected mainly by lake-level fluctuations, but partly also by human impact (extensive forest clearings and dominant pastoral farming). With the expansion of arable farming (around 650 AD), human impact on the landscape was the major factor influencing soil erosion processes in the catchment and limnological changes in the lake.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ion, John, et al.
(author)
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Diagrams for laser materials processing
- 1992
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In: Acta Metallurgica et Materialia. - 0956-7151. ; 40:7, s. 1539-1551
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An analytical heat flow model is used to identify dimensionless parameter groups which determine the temperature field produced in a material by a scanning laser beam. The groups are used to plot experimental data for metallic alloys on a processing diagram for a range of continuous CO2 laser treatments. Practical operating regions for each type of treatment are thus identified, which coincide with those predicted using the heat flow model. The model is extended in order to construct more detailed diagrams for transformation hardening, surface melting and keyhole welding, which quantify the depth of treatment. By using realistic estimates of certain poorly-known process variables, good agreement is observed between measured and predicted data. Methods for optimising processing parameters with respect to various criteria are presented for transformation hardening. The diagrams, which are constructed on a personal computer, are a useful tool for summarising current data, optimising practical processing parameters, and assessing the potential of novel laser treatments on new materials
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| 7. |
- Ion, John, et al.
(author)
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Laser surface modification of a 13.5% Cr, 0.6% C steel
- 1991
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In: Journal of Materials Science. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 26:1, s. 43-48
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A 13.5% Cr, 0.6% C steel, with an initial microstructure of chromium carbides in a ferrite matrix, was heat-treated by scanning a high-power laser beam over the surface. The aim was to compare the physical and chemical properties produced by this type of selective surface treatment with those resulting from a conventional furnace desensitization and quench-hardening heat treatment. Surface heating homogenized the carbon originally bound in the carbides sufficiently to produce martensite, giving hardening to levels comparable with a conventional heat treatment. Chromium-rich zones, carbides and retained austenite were also detected in the heated microstructure. Surface melting produced complete homogenization of both carbon and chromium, which resulted in the retention of large amounts of austenite in the microstructure on cooling to room temperature. Subsequent refrigeration at - 196 °C transformed some of the austenite to martensite. Pitting corrosion and local reductions in hardness were observed adjacent to treated areas under certain conditions, due to precipitation of secondary carbides and elevated tempering, respectively.
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