| 1. |
- Abdel-Karim, R., et al.
(author)
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Electrodeposition and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Ni-Fe Alloys
- 2011
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In: Journal of Nanomaterials. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-4110 .- 1687-4129. ; , s. 519274-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nanocrystalline Ni-Fe deposits with different composition and grain sizes were fabricated by electrodeposition. Deposits with iron contents in the range from 7 to 31% were obtained by changing the Ni(2+)/Fe(2+) mass ratio in the electrolyte. The deposits were found to be nanocrystalline with average grain size in the range 20-30 nm. The surface morphology was found to be dependent on Ni(2+)/Fe(2+) mass ratio as well as electroplating time. The grains size decreased with increasing the iron content, especially in case of short time electroplating. Increasing the electroplating time had no significant effect on grain size. The microhardness of the materials followed the regular Hall-Petch relationship with amaximum value (762 Hv) when applying Ni(2+)/Fe(2+) mass ratio equal to 9.8.
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| 2. |
- Al-Jumaili, Mustafa, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of railway frequency converter performance and data quality using the IEEE 762 Standard
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0975-6809 .- 0976-4348. ; 5:1, s. 42694-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reliability, availability and maintainability analysis is one of the most important tools for measuring system performance. The performance of a traction power supply system (TPSS) can be measured using the data collected from frequency converters, as these converters constitute the main part of the TPSS. The quality of the collected data should be good enough to provide the correct and complete information necessary for assessment of frequency converter performance. Many methods can be used to assess the performance of converters such as neural networks, fuzzy logic and standards. The IEEE 762 Standard offers a methodology that can provide key performance indicators for power generation units. This standard has been chosen for its widespread acceptance and applicability. To be able to evaluate a converter’s performance, IEEE 762 indexes should be calculated using data such as the downtime, reserve shutdown hours and service hours. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the performance of the Swedish TPSS frequency converters using IEEE 762, and to assess the quality of data by inspecting their compatibility with this standard. In this study, an application has been developed to generate the missing information and to calculate the indexes provided by the standard, in order to evaluate the power converters’ performance. A case with sample data is also discussed in this paper.
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| 3. |
- Ferrer, Ana Juan, et al.
(author)
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OPTIMIS : A holistic approach to cloud service provisioning
- 2012
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In: Future generations computer systems. - Amsterdam : North-Holland. - 0167-739X .- 1872-7115. ; 28:1, s. 66-77
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present fundamental challenges for scalable and dependable service platforms and architectures that enable flexible and dynamic provisioning of cloud services. Our findings are incorporated in a toolkit targeting the cloud service and infrastructure providers. The innovations behind the toolkit are aimed at optimizing the whole service life cycle, including service construction, deployment, and operation, on a basis of aspects such as trust, risk, eco-efficiency and cost. Notably, adaptive self-preservation is crucial to meet predicted and unforeseen changes in resource requirements. By addressing the whole service life cycle, taking into account several cloud architectures, and by taking a holistic approach to sustainable service provisioning, the toolkit aims to provide a foundation for a reliable, sustainable, and trustful cloud computing industry.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Mahmood, Yasser Ahmed, et al.
(author)
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Availability and Reliability Performance Analysis of Traction Frequency Converters - A Case Study
- 2013
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In: International Review of Electrical Engineering. - 1827-6660 .- 2533-2244. ; 8:4, s. 1231-1242
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The frequency converter is one of the main parts of the traction power supply system (TPSS) and converts adequate traction power from the power company to the electric vehicle. In the Swedish railway network, this system comprises around 133 frequency converters with a total capacity reach of 1,295 MVA and covers around 9,543 km of electrified railway. The aim of this article is to evaluate and compare the reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) performances of the ten models of converters used in the Swedish railway system. The key performance indicators introduced by the IEEE Std 762 methodology have been used to measure and compare the RAM performance of the converters. Moreover, the mean cumulative function (MCF) has also been used for the monitoring and comparison of the field reliability of converters versus the operating time, capacity factor and converted power. The study shows that, in general, both the static and the rotary types have a high level of availability ranging from 97%-99%. The results also show that the TGTO model (a static type) has the lowest RAM performance among all the models. In addition, it has been found that using IEEE Std 762 or the MCF alone does not always provide a complete answer. Therefore, the study suggests using both the IEEE Std 762 and the MCF methodology to arrive at a more realistic result. The study has shown that the MCF based on the capacity factor gives a good result compared with the results obtained using the MCF based on the operating time and on the converted power as a measure of the usage intensity.
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| 6. |
- Mahmood, Yasser Ahmed, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of frequency converter outages : a case study on Swedish TPS system
- 2012
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to survey the unavailability of the two main types of converters used in the Swedish traction power supply (TPS) system, i.e. the rotary and the static converter. The number of outages and the outage rate has been used to analyze and compare the unavailability of rotary and static converters. The mean cumulative function (MCF) has been used to analyze the number of outages and the unavailability trends, while the forced outage rate (FOR) concept has been used to analyze the outage rates. The study shows that the outages due to converter failure occur at a constant rate by calendar time at most of the converter stations, while very few stations have an increasing or a decreasing rate. It has also been found that the static converters have a higher number of outages and a higher outage rate by calendar time compared to the rotary converter types. The results of the study show that combining the number of outages and the forced outage rate gives a better view of the converters’ performance, and provides support for the maintenance decision. In fact, using one of them alone does not reflect reality. Comparing these two indexes is also helpful in identifying the areas where extra resources are needed to improve maintenance planning and where improvements can reduce the outage in the TPS system.
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