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- Karlsson, Ingrid, et al.
(author)
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Coevolution of RANTES sensitivity and mode of CCR5 receptor use by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of the R5 phenotype.
- 2004
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In: Journal of Virology. - 1098-5514 .- 0022-538X. ; 78:21, s. 11807-11815
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor use has been described as the acquisition of CXCR4 use linked to accelerated disease progression. However, CXCR4-using virus can be isolated only from approximately one-half of individuals with progressive HIV-1 disease. The other half continue to yield only CCR5-using viruses (R5 phenotype) throughout the course of disease. In the present work, the use of receptor chimeras between CCR5 and CXCR4 allowed us to study the evolution of HIV-1 with the R5 phenotype, which was not revealed by studies of wild-type coreceptor use. All together, 246 isolates (173 with the R5 phenotype) from 31 individuals were tested for their ability to infect cells through receptor chimeras. R5narrow virus was able to use only wild-type CCR5, whereas R5broad(1) to R5broad(3) viruses were able to use one to three chimeric receptors, respectively. Broad use of chimeric receptors was interpreted as an increased flexibility in the mode of receptor use. R5broad isolates showed higher infectivity in cells expressing wild-type CCR5 than R5narrow isolates. Also, the increased flexibility of R5broad isolates was concomitant with a lower sensitivity to inhibition by the CC chemokine RANTES. Our results indicate a close relationship between HIV-1 phenotypic changes and the pathogenic process, since the mode and efficiency of CCR5 use as well as the decrease in the RANTES sensitivities of isolated viruses are significantly correlated with CD4+-T-cell decline in a patient. One possible explanation is that ligand competition at the CCR5 receptor or changed CCR5 availability may shape the outcome of HIV-1 infection.
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| 3. |
- Areschoug, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Streptococcal beta protein has separate binding sites for human factor H and IgA-Fc.
- 2002
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In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 277:15, s. 12642-12648
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The group B streptococcus (GBS) is the most important cause of life-threatening bacterial infections in newborn infants. Protective immunity to GBS infection is elicited by several surface proteins, one of which, the beta protein, is known to bind human IgA-Fc. Here, we show that the beta protein also binds human factor H (FH), a negative regulator of complement activation. Absorption experiments with whole human plasma demonstrated binding of FH to a GBS strain expressing beta protein, but not to an isogenic beta-negative mutant. This binding was due to a direct interaction between beta and FH, as shown by experiments with purified proteins. Inhibition tests and studies with beta fragments demonstrated that FH and IgA-Fc bind to separate and non-overlapping regions in beta. Heparin, a known ligand for FH, specifically inhibited the binding between beta and FH, suggesting that FH has overlapping binding sites for beta and heparin. Bacteria-bound FH retained its complement regulatory activity, implying that beta-expressing GBS may use bound FH to evade complement attack. The finding that beta protein binds FH adds to a growing list of interactions between human pathogens and complement regulatory proteins, supporting the notion that these interactions are of general importance in bacterial pathogenesis.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Ingrid, 1954-
(author)
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Gender formations in school
- 2003
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In: Nordisk förening för pedagogiska forskare, NFPF,2003.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Ingrid, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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Genus som innehåll och form i högskoleundervisning
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Under de allra sista åren har vi märkt ett ökande intresse för frågor koppladetill genus och jämställdhet, både bland studenter och bland lärare inom högskolan.Under Genusdagen på Linköpings Universitet den 5 december 2002,visade sig en stark efterfrågan på genussensitiv undervisning från bland annatHälsouniversitetets studenter. Genussensitiv undervisning är ”hot” idag –bland vissa. Förmodligen i första hand bland dem som tjänar på det, kvinnorna.Men inte bara. På vår avdelning PIAU på Institutionen för beteendevetenskaphar utrymme givits för att föra in genusrelaterade frågor i undervisningenunder de senaste tre åren. Från ett absolut ointresse till en öppenhethar det gått fort.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Ingrid, 1954-
(author)
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Könsgestaltningar i skolan : Om könsrelaterat gränsupprätthållande, gränsuppluckrande och gränsöverskridande
- 2003
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis concerns issues related to gender and schooling, focus is located in different conditions and experiences girls and boys as· gendered human beings meet there. Points of departure are partly ideas and issues from post-structural feminist research that, both boys and girls would benefit from a break down or at least loosening of the dualism between man and woman and what is concerned male - female. Partly the variety of children's gender formations is focused in order to nuance the picture of boys being like that and girls being like that in a stereotype way.The aim is to understand possibilities for children to form their gender in different ways regarding:constructing and maintaining of gender-related boundaries - border-workloosening of gender-related boundariescrossing of gender-related boundaries and what that might mean to children in schoolThe strategy used for the empirical part was a field-study with interviews from teachers and children as well as observations and field-notes. Theoretical points of departure are poststructural theories of gender and schooling and standpoint theory.The findings show that children in school are in a context where they get different contradictory messages and signals concerning gender. The children's formation of gender varies a lot from one situation to another. Different organisation of the work in school gives different gender formations. This means that it is worthwhile to regard gender as a pedagogical question.
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