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- Albert, J., et al.
(author)
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Risk of HIV transmission from patients on antiretroviral therapy: A position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy
- 2014
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 46:10, s. 673-677
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The modern medical treatment of HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients infected with this virus. ART has also been shown to reduce the transmission risk from individual patients as well as the spread of the infection at the population level. This position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy is based on a workshop organized in the fall of 2012. It summarizes the latest research and knowledge on the risk of HIV transmission from patients on ART, with a focus on the risk of sexual transmission. The risk of transmission via shared injection equipment among intravenous drug users is also examined, as is the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Based on current knowledge, the risk of transmission through vaginal or anal intercourse involving the use of a condom has been judged to be minimal, provided that the person infected with HIV fulfils the criteria for effective ART. This probably also applies to unprotected intercourse, provided that no other sexually transmitted infections are present, although it is not currently possible to fully support this conclusion with direct scientific evidence. ART is judged to markedly reduce the risk of blood-borne transmission between people who share injection equipment. Finally, the risk of transmission from mother to child is very low, provided that ART is started well in advance of delivery.
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- Sydsjö, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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Who becomes a sperm donor: personality characteristics in a national sample of identifiable donors
- 2012
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In: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 119:1, s. 33-39
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To study the personality characteristics of identifiable sperm donors in a national sample in comparison with the same characteristics of a control group. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanDesign Descriptive study. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanSetting All clinics (n = 7) performing gamete donation in Sweden. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanPopulation All Swedish sperm donors recruited during 2005-08. An age-matched group of Swedish men served as controls. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods Standardised questionnaires were used to measure personality. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMain outcome measures Demographics and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults The mean age of the donors was 33.8 +/- 7.8 years (18-56 years). About one-third (36.5%) of the donors had biological children of their own. With regard to personality, significant differences were present on harm avoidance, with lower means for sperm donors (P = 0.002, 95% CI -3.74 to -0.85), and on self-directedness and cooperativeness, with higher means for donors (P = 0.002, 95% CI 0.97-4.19; P = 0.001; 95% CI 0.75-2.95, respectively), compared with controls. This indicates that the donors in general feel less worried and suffer less from uncertainty, shyness and fatigability than controls. They also perceive themselves as being autonomous, with a capacity to take responsibility, to behave in a goal-directed manner, to be resourceful and sel-facceptant, and to behave in a manner guided by meaningful values and goals. Furthermore, they describe themselves as being well integrated in humanity or society, and having a good capacity for identification with and acceptance of other people. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions The screening process at the clinics seems to generate a group of stable, mature and well-integrated donors, and this is a promising result for the future.
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