| 1. |
- Forslund, Magnus, 1969-
(author)
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Ledarskap för ökad innovationsförmåga : exemplet Småland
- 2019
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ordet innovation har nästan blivit det nya svarta. Fokus ligger på hur företag, offentliga organisationer och ideella föreningar kan bli mer innovativa. Boken presenterar teorier, modeller, metoder och verktyg som i projektet Ledarskap i Småland använts för att hjälpa ledare att öka organisationens innovationsförmåga. Citat och exempel från ledares vardag i framför allt små och medelstora organisationer används som illustrationer. Med begrepp som 0,5-steg och att tända många eldar riktar sig boken i första hand till praktiskt verksamma ledare – i och utanför Småland. Detta är projektets andra bok. Den första heter Småländskt ledarskap – inledande betraktelser.
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| 2. |
- Iwald, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Effekter på mark av 50 års försurningsbelastning från atmosfärisk deposition och katjonupptag i biomassa : en analys av data från Riksskogstaxeringen och Markinventeringen
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den atmosfäriska depositionen av försurande ämnen har i sydvästra Sverige minskat till mindre än en femtedel av vad den var i början av 1990-talet. En möjlig förklaring till den trots detta, långsamma återhämtningen från försurningen av mark och vatten i skogslandskapet, är att den biologiska försurningen har ökat på grund av en ökad tillväxt som möjliggjort en kontinuerlig ökning av både stående biomassa och skörd av skogsråvara. Dessutom har ett ökat uttag av GROT för förbränning ytterligare bidragit till den biologiska försurningsbelastningen. I rapporten kvantifierar och jämför vi förändringarna i försurningsbelastning från deposition, skogstillväxt och avverkning från 1950/60 fram till idag och relaterar denna till skogsmarkens försurningsstatus och förråden av växttillgängliga baskatjoner i mark och biomassa. Rapporten baserar sig på data från Riksskogstaxeringen, Markinventeringen, EMEP och SMHI samt information från olika vetenskapliga artiklar. De stora förändringarna i försurningsbelastning sedan 1950-talet har skett genom förändringar i depositionen, först genom en stor uppgång fram till slutet av 1980-talet och sedan genom en ännu snabbare nedgång under 1990- och 2000-talen. Skogsbrukets bidrag till försurningsbelastningen har ökat något under perioden genom ökad bortförsel av träddelar vid avverkning och ökat upptag i stående biomassa, men ökningen är bara signifikant i den sydöstra regionen. Ökningen är relativt måttlig och förändringarna är små i förhållande till de förändringar som har skett i total försurningsbelastning genom förändringar i depositionsbelastning. Det ökade uttaget av GROT har ökat försurningsbelastningen, främst i sydvästra och sydöstra Sverige där uttaget är störst, men är totalt sett en mindre del av den skogsproduktionsrelaterade försurningsbelastningen i ett brukat skogslandskap. Det finns inte någon tydlig geografisk trend i markens baskatjonförråd relaterat till den totala försurningsbelastningen. Förrådet av utbytbara baskatjoner i marken varierar mer med markens och modermaterialets geokemiska egenskaper än med försurningsbelastningen. Resultaten från den här studien representerar det faktiska GROT-uttaget som skett i skogslandskapet på länsnivå, vilket innebär att slutsatserna från studien inte behöver återspegla effekterna på beståndsnivå där det fortfarande kan vara problem med näringstillgången och behov av kompensation i form av t.ex. askåterföring.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Karltun, Anette, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Benefits of the Human-Technology-Organization Concept in Teaching Ergonomics – Students Perspective
- 2018
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In: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319960791 - 9783319960807 ; , s. 627-636
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The human-technology-organization (HTO) concept has been used for creating systems understanding of ergonomics in three engineering educations at the School of Engineering in Jönköping. Students from courses given in two undergraduate and one graduate program (n = 122) participated in the study, which involved a course evaluation questionnaire to assess the understanding of ergonomics as discipline and HTO as a means for creating systems understanding. The questionnaire included both ranking and personal comments to the questions. The results show that the students in general considered knowledge of ergonomics and HTO as beneficial for their future work and that the HTO concept did contribute to their understanding of workplace ergonomics. However, there was a significant difference between undergraduate and graduate students in all these aspects where undergraduates ranked all these aspects lower than graduates. This was also reflected in personal comments on the questions. Conclusions that can be drawn are that understanding systems is generally difficult and the HTO concept can assist in helping students to overcome these difficulties. However, the differences between the student groups must be explicitly considered as well as increasing students’ awareness of the relevance of ergonomics for engineers.
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| 5. |
- Karltun, Anette, et al.
(author)
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HTO - A complementary ergonomics approach
- 2017
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In: APPLIED ERGONOMICS. - : Elsevier. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 59, s. 182-190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The field of human factors and ergonomics constitutes a strong potential in systems analysis, design and improvement. However, it is difficult to communicate its potential value. This paper addresses how the human-technology-organization (HTO) concept can be defined and supports the understanding, communication and development of the systems' character and potential of human factors and ergonomics. Empirical examples from the authors' experiences of working with the HTO concept in R&D and teaching are illustrated, including its usefulness as: 1) a conceptual model; 2) an analysis framework; 3) a meta methodology; 4) a pedagogical tool; and 5) a design tool. The use of HTO provides guidance on how the system can be designed to better support health, individual and systems performance. It is further suggested that there is a strong potential for developing the theory, applications and methodological aspects of HTO.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Karltun, Johan, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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Positioning the study of first line managers’ resilient action strategies
- 2019
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In: 8th REA Symposium on Resilience Engineering: Scaling up and Speeding up. - : Lnu Press. - 9789188898951
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper introduces a study on the action strategies of first line managers (FLMs) using a resilience perspective and the aim is to position the study in the theoretical field of resilience management and engineering. One important key to an organization's long-term competitiveness are the first line managers’ ability to handle the role as a leader in daily work. In the role of a FLM, there are a lot of conflicting objectives to manage, for example, regarding available resources, subordinates’ views versus superiors’, centralized and/or local control, optimization of cost and capability (quality and delivery). Moreover, at the operational level of detail, FLMs have to balance daily deliveries in relation to development activities, i.e. technical development, product development, implementation of new system and management concepts. Regardless of the complexity in work and organisational change over time, a FLM’s most important task is to contribute to a high and stable production output out of an input that is characterized by variability and disturbances. To do so in a sustainable way, the FLMs must develop action strategies about ways of working and problem solving that systematically facilitate coping with the situation and managing their own workload. We consider this as developing resilient actions strategies that allow the FLMs to handle the upcoming problems without getting problems on their own. In this paper we describe and develop the theoretical underpinnings of the study as well as how we position our own research in relation to the different theoretical strands of resilience management. We further suggest some methodological ideas on how to capture the work and nature of first line managers’ resilient action strategies. The focus in our work will thus be on how FLMs handle and can improve the more or less chaotic mix of activities in daily work in a resilient way.
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| 8. |
- Anderson, Janet E., et al.
(author)
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Translating research on quality improvement in five European countries into a reflective guide for hospital leaders : the ‘QUASER Hospital Guide’
- 2019
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In: International Journal for Quality in Health Care. - : Oxford University Press. - 1353-4505 .- 1464-3677. ; 31:8, s. G87-G96
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to translate the findings of the QUASER study into a reflective, dialogic guide to help senior hospital leaders develop an organization wide QI strategy.Design: The QUASER study involved in depth ethnographic research into QI work and practices in two hospitals in each of five European countries. Three translational stakeholder workshops were held to review research findings and advise on the design of the Guide. An extended iterative process involving researchers from each participant country was then used to populate the Guide.Setting: The research was carried out in two hospitals in each of five European countries.Participants: In total, 389 interviews with healthcare practitioners and 803 hours of observations.Intervention: None.Main outcome measure: None.Results: The QUASER Hospital Guide was designed for leadership teams to diagnose their organization’s strengths and weaknesses in the eight QI challenges. The Guide supports organizational dialogue about QI challenges, enables leaders to share perspectives, and helps teams to develop solutions to their situated problems. The Guide includes extensive examples of QI strategies drawn from the data and is published online and on paper.Conclusion: The QUASER Hospital Guide is empirically based, draws on a dialogical approach to Organizational Development and complexity science and can facilitate hospital leadership teams to identify the best solutions for their organization.
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| 9. |
- Hägg, Göran M., et al.
(author)
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How do different temperatures affect knife force?
- 2015
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In: The Ergonomics Open Journal. - : Bentham Open. - 1875-9343. ; :8, s. 27-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Meat cutters have long since claimed that knife forces increase with lower meat temperatures. This study was performed to find out what effects the meat temperature has on cutting forces. In addition, the same issue was addressed for pure fat. One hundred and forty four samples of lean meat and of fat respectively were collected and put overnight inone of three refrigerators with temperatures 2, 7 and 12°C, 48 in each. These samples were cut while measuring cutting forces in an Anago KST Sharpness Analyzer machine. The results show that there were no significant differences in knife forces concerning lean meat at the three temperatures. However, the force in pure fat at 2°C was significantly increased by 30% compared to the other temperatures. The forces in fat were generally three times higher than for lean meat, regardlessof temperature.
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| 10. |
- Karltun, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Maintaining knife sharpness in industrial meat cutting : A matter of knife or meat cutter ability
- 2016
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In: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 56, s. 92-100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Knife sharpness is imperative in meat cutting. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of knife blade steel quality with meat cutters' individual ability to maintain the cutting edge sharp in an industrial production setting. Twelve meat cutters in two different companies using three different knives during normal production were studied in this quasi-experimental study. Methods included were measuring knife cutting force before and after knife use, time knives were used, ratings of sharpness and discomfort and interviews. Results showed that the meat cutters' skill of maintaining sharpness during work had a much larger effect on knife sharpness during work than the knife steel differences. The ability was also related to feelings of discomfort and to physical exertion. It was found that meat cutters using more knives were more likely to suffer from discomfort in the upper limbs, which is a risk for developing MSD.
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