| 1. |
- Maxwell, Tania L., et al.
(author)
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Global dataset of soil organic carbon in tidal marshes
- 2023
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In: Scientific Data. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tidal marshes store large amounts of organic carbon in their soils. Field data quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks provide an important resource for researchers, natural resource managers, and policy-makers working towards the protection, restoration, and valuation of these ecosystems. We collated a global dataset of tidal marsh soil organic carbon (MarSOC) from 99 studies that includes location, soil depth, site name, dry bulk density, SOC, and/or soil organic matter (SOM). The MarSOC dataset includes 17,454 data points from 2,329 unique locations, and 29 countries. We generated a general transfer function for the conversion of SOM to SOC. Using this data we estimated a median (± median absolute deviation) value of 79.2 ± 38.1 Mg SOC ha−1 in the top 30 cm and 231 ± 134 Mg SOC ha−1 in the top 1 m of tidal marsh soils globally. This data can serve as a basis for future work, and may contribute to incorporation of tidal marsh ecosystems into climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and policies.
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| 2. |
- Dobnik, Simon, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Local alignment of frame of reference assignment in English and Swedish dialogue
- 2020
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In: Spatial Cognition XII, 12th International Conference, Spatial Cognition 2020, Riga, Latvia, August 26–28, 2020, Proceedings / Jurǵis Šķilters, Nora S. Newcombe, David Uttal (eds.). - Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland AG. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783030579821
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we examine how people assign, interpret, negotiate and repair the frame of reference (FoR) in online text-based dialogues discussing spatial scenes in English and Swedish. We describe our corpus and data collection which involves a coordination experiment in which dyadic dialogue participants have to identify differences in their picture of a visual scene. As their perspectives of the scene are different, they must coordinate their FoRs in order to complete the task. Results show that participants do not align on a global FoR, but tend to align locally, for sub-portions (or particular conversational games) in the dialogue. This has implications for how dialogue systems should approach problems of FoR assignment - and what strategies for clarification they should implement.
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| 3. |
- Dobnik, Simon, 1977, et al.
(author)
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On the role of resources in the age of large language models
- 2023
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In: Proceedings of the 2023 CLASP Conference on Learning with Small Data (LSD), Gothenburg and online 11–12 September 2023 / Editors: Ellen Breitholtz, Shalom Lappin, Sharid Loáiciga, Nikolai Ilinykh, and Simon Dobnik. - Stroudsburg, PA : Association for Computational Linguistics. - 2002-9764. - 9798891760004
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We evaluate the role of expert-based domain knowledge and resources in relation to training large language models by referring to our work on training and evaluating neural models, also in under-resourced scenarios which we believe also informs training models for “well-resourced” languages and domains. We argue that our community needs both large-scale datasets and small but high-quality data based on expert knowledge and that both activities should work hand-in-hand.
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| 4. |
- Herrgårdh, Tilda, et al.
(author)
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Hybrid modelling for stroke care : Review and suggestions of new approaches for risk assessment and simulation of scenarios
- 2021
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In: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 2213-1582. ; 31
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stroke is an example of a complex and multi-factorial disease involving multiple organs, timescales, and disease mechanisms. To deal with this complexity, and to realize Precision Medicine of stroke, mathematical models are needed. Such approaches include: 1) machine learning, 2) bioinformatic network models, and 3) mechanistic models. Since these three approaches have complementary strengths and weaknesses, a hybrid modelling approach combining them would be the most beneficial. However, no concrete approach ready to be implemented for a specific disease has been presented to date. In this paper, we both review the strengths and weaknesses of the three approaches, and propose a roadmap for hybrid modelling in the case of stroke care. We focus on two main tasks needed for the clinical setting: a) For stroke risk calculation, we propose a new two-step approach, where non-linear mixed effects models and bioinformatic network models yield biomarkers which are used as input to a machine learning model and b) For simulation of care scenarios, we propose a new four-step approach, which revolves around iterations between simulations of the mechanistic models and imputations of non-modelled or non-measured variables. We illustrate and discuss the different approaches in the context of Precision Medicine for stroke.
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| 5. |
- Kelleher, John D., et al.
(author)
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Distributional semantics for situated spatial language? Functional, geometric and perceptual perspectives
- 2022
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In: Probabilistic approaches to linguistic theory, CSLI Publications. - Stanford university, Stanford, California, USA : Center for the Study of Language and Information, The University of Chicago Press. - 9781684000791
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Distributional semantics has been at the core of recent developments in deep learning work for natural language processing. This distributional semantics plus neural processing paradigm has resulted in significant improvements in state of the art results across a large number of tasks, including parsing, text classification, and machine translation. However, there are a number of areas of natural language processing research where this shift in paradigm has not resulted in significant improvements in system performance. One such area is in situated dialogue systems (such as those studied in the field of human-robot interaction), and in particular with respect to the processing of spatial references. This chapter examines why this lack of progress has occurred, through a review of existing research on grounding language in perception that is structured around three forms of semantic information available in situated dialogue: functional, geometric and perceptual. Through this review we identify which aspects of perceptual grounding distributional semantics naturally accommodates and which aspects it does not. Building on this insight we suggest avenues for future work that attempt to integrate distributional and non-distributional information in order to progress research in perceptual grounding of language, and discuss the broader implications of our findings for computational representations of natural language semantics.
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| 6. |
- Kelleher, John D., et al.
(author)
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Referring to the recently seen: reference and perceptual memory in situated dialogue
- 2020
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In: CLASP Papers in Computational Linguistics, Vol. 2. Dialogue and Perception - Extended papers from DaP2018 / edited by Christine Howes, Simon Dobnik and Ellen Breitholtz. - Gothenburg, Sweden : CLASP, Centre for Language and Studies in Probability. - 2002-9764.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- From theoretical linguistic and cognitive perspectives, situated dialogue systems are interesting as they provide ideal test-beds for investigating the interaction between language and perception. To date, how- ever much of the work on situated dialogue has focused resolving anaphoric or exophoric references. This paper opens up the question of how perceptual memory and linguistic references interact, and the challenges that this poses to computational models of perceptually grounded dialogue.
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| 7. |
- Kelleher, John D., et al.
(author)
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Referring to the recently seen: reference and perceptual memory in situated dialogue
- 2021
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In: Online Proceedings of The Visually Grounded Interaction and Language (ViGIL) workshop at NAACL-HLT 2021, June 10, 2021. - Mexico City, Mexico (Online) : Association for Computational Linguistics.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- From theoretical linguistic and cognitive perspectives, situated dialog systems are interesting as they provide ideal test-beds for investigating the interaction between language and perception. At the same time there are a growing number of practical applications, for example robotic systems and driver-less cars, where spoken interfaces, capable of situated dialog, promise many advantages. To date, however much of the work on situated dialog has focused resolving anaphoric or exophoric references. This paper, by contrast, opens up the question of how perceptual memory and linguistic references interact, and the challenges that this poses to computational models of perceptually grounded dialog.
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