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- Salikhov, Ruslan, et al.
(author)
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Coupling of terahertz light with nanometre-wavelength magnon modes via spin-orbit torque
- 2023
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In: Nature Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-2473 .- 1745-2481. ; 19:4, s. 529-535
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Spin-based technologies can operate at terahertz frequencies but require manipulation techniques that work at ultrafast timescales to become practical. For instance, devices based on spin waves, also known as magnons, require efficient generation of high-energy exchange spin waves at nanometre wavelengths. To achieve this, a substantial coupling is needed between the magnon modes and an electro-magnetic stimulus such as a coherent terahertz field pulse. However, it has been difficult to excite non-uniform spin waves efficiently using terahertz light because of the large momentum mismatch between the submillimetre-wave radiation and the nanometre-sized spin waves. Here we improve the light–matter interaction by engineering thin films to exploit relativistic spin–orbit torques that are confined to the interfaces of heavy metal/ferromagnet heterostructures. We are able to excite spin-wave modes with frequencies of up to 0.6 THz and wavelengths as short as 6 nm using broadband terahertz radiation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the coupling of terahertz light to exchange-dominated magnons originates solely from interfacial spin–orbit torques. Our results are of general applicability to other magnetic multilayered structures, and offer the prospect of nanoscale control of high-frequency signals.
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- Donges, Jonathan F., et al.
(author)
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Earth system modeling with endogenous and dynamic human societies : the copan
- 2020
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In: Earth System Dynamics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2190-4979 .- 2190-4987. ; 11:2, s. 395-413
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Analysis of Earth system dynamics in the Anthropocene requires explicitly taking into account the increasing magnitude of processes operating in human societies, their cultures, economies and technosphere and their growing feedback entanglement with those in the physical, chemical and biological systems of the planet. However, current state-of-the-art Earth system models do not represent dynamic human societies and their feedback interactions with the biogeophysical Earth system and macroeconomic integrated assessment models typically do so only with limited scope. This paper (i) proposes design principles for constructing world-Earth models (WEMs) for Earth system analysis of the Anthropocene, i.e., models of social (world)-ecological (Earth) coevolution on up to planetary scales, and (ii) presents the copan:CORE open simulation modeling framework for developing, composing and analyzing such WEMs based on the proposed principles. The framework provides a modular structure to flexibly construct and study WEMs. These can contain biophysical (e.g., carbon cycle dynamics), socio-metabolic or economic (e.g., economic growth or energy system changes), and sociocultural processes (e.g., voting on climate policies or changing social norms) and their feedback interactions, and they are based on elementary entity types, e.g., grid cells and social systems. Thereby, copan:CORE enables the epistemic flexibility needed for contributions towards Earth system analysis of the Anthropocene given the large diversity of competing theories and methodologies used for describing socio-metabolic or economic and sociocultural processes in the Earth system by various fields and schools of thought. To illustrate the capabilities of the framework, we present an exemplary and highly stylized WEM implemented in copan:CORE that illustrates how endogenizing sociocultural processes and feedbacks such as voting on climate policies based on socially learned environmental awareness could fundamentally change macroscopic model outcomes.
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- Jatuworapruk, Kanon, et al.
(author)
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Characteristics and Outcomes of People With Gout Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 : Data From the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Physician-Reported Registry
- 2022
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In: ACR Open Rheumatology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2578-5745. ; 4:11, s. 948-953
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveTo describe people with gout who were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and hospitalized and to characterize their outcomes.MethodsData on patients with gout hospitalized for COVID-19 between March 12, 2020, and October 25, 2021, were extracted from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance registry. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographics, comorbidities, medication exposures, and COVID-19 outcomes including oxygenation or ventilation support and death.ResultsOne hundred sixty-three patients with gout who developed COVID-19 and were hospitalized were included. The mean age was 63 years, and 85% were male. The majority of the group lived in the Western Pacific Region (35%) and North America (18%). Nearly half (46%) had two or more comorbidities, with hypertension (56%), cardiovascular disease (28%), diabetes mellitus (26%), chronic kidney disease (25%), and obesity (23%) being the most common. Glucocorticoids and colchicine were used pre-COVID-19 in 11% and 12% of the cohort, respectively. Over two thirds (68%) of the cohort required supplemental oxygen or ventilatory support during hospitalization. COVID-19-related death was reported in 16% of the overall cohort, with 73% of deaths documented in people with two or more comorbidities.ConclusionThis cohort of people with gout and COVID-19 who were hospitalized had high frequencies of ventilatory support and death. This suggests that patients with gout who were hospitalized for COVID-19 may be at risk of poor outcomes, perhaps related to known risk factors for poor outcomes, such as age and presence of comorbidity.
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- Kraupner, Nadine, et al.
(author)
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Evidence for selection of multi-resistant E. coli by hospital effluent.
- 2021
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In: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 150, s. 106436-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a risk that residues of antibiotics and other antimicrobials in hospital and municipal wastewaters could select for resistant bacteria. Still, direct experimental evidence for selection is lacking. Here, we investigated if effluent from a large Swedish hospital, as well as influent and effluent from the connected municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) select for antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in three controlled experimental setups. Exposure of sterile-filtered hospital effluent to a planktonic mix of 149 different E. coli wastewater isolates showed a strong selection of multi-resistant strains. Accordingly, exposure to a complex wastewater community selected for strains resistant to several antibiotic classes. Exposing individual strains with variable resistance patterns revealed a rapid bactericidal effect of hospital effluent on susceptible, but not multi-resistant E. coli. No selection was observed after exposure to WWTP effluent, while exposure to WWTP influent indicated a small selective effect for ceftazidime and cefadroxil resistant strains, and only in the E. coli mix assay. An analysis of commonly used antibiotics and non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals in combination with growth and resistance pattern of individual E. coli isolates suggested a possible contribution of ciprofloxacin and β-lactams to the selection by hospital effluent. However, more research is needed to clarify the contribution from different selective agents. While this study does not indicate selection by the studied WWTP effluent, there is some indications of selective effects by municipal influent on β-lactam-resistant strains. Such effects may be more pronounced in countries with higher antibiotic use than Sweden. Despite the limited antibiotic use in Sweden, the hospital effluent strongly and consistently selected for multi-resistance, indicating widespread risks. Hence, there is an urgent need for further evaluation of risks for resistance selection in hospital sewers, as well as for strategies to remove selective agents and resistant bacteria.
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