| 1. |
- Bostedt, Göran, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Contingent values as implicit contracts : Estimating minimum legal willingness to pay for conservation of large carnivores in Sweden
- 2008
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In: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 39:2, s. 189-198
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mean willingness-to-pay (WTP) based on multiple bounded, discrete choice responses from contingent valuation surveys are normally obtained using some kind of parametric estimator. This paper instead exploits the possibility to interpret the response to the discrete-choice question as an implicit contract between the researcher and the respondent, resulting in a minimum legal WTP (MLW) estimator. Never previously used in valuation literature, it is used in this paper to estimate the WTP for the preservation of large carnivores in Sweden, based on a large scale, national survey. Results show that MLW estimates only were 12–19% of the comparable parametric estimates. In keeping with other results in contingent valuation literature, we find that the MLW estimates are positively related to the educational level, income and the fraction of urban population, while negatively related to age. Among the advantages of the MLW estimator is its transparency as well as the fact that it rests on a contractual notion of WTP.
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| 2. |
- Ericsson, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Are wolves driving willingness to pay for large carnivores? : Wolves as a symbol for people’s willingness to pay for large carnivore conservation
- 2008
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In: Society & Natural Resources. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0894-1920 .- 1521-0723. ; 21:4, s. 294-309
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A successful implementation of a mammalian conservation policy requires knowledge of how people value animals. Little is known about how people value large carnivores. The discussion is therefore dominated by people's perception of wolves. In a mail survey (65% response rate) we asked persons residing in areas with populations of wolves, bears, lynx, and wolverines whether they were willing to pay to reach the national conservation goals for those species. We compared 69 Swedish counties with a representative national sample of Swedes living outside the areas with large carnivores. We found that the behavioral intention willingness to pay (WTP) was negatively related to the presence of wolves, to the urban profile, and to opposition against the European Union Monetary Union. We encourage future studies to compare national surveys with local samples in controversial issues to discover conflicting views among national, regional, and local natural resource management stakeholders.
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| 3. |
- Ericsson, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Hur många björnar finns det?
- 2009
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In: Svensk jakt. - 0039-6583. ; 147, s. 80-81
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 4. |
- Ericsson, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Willingness to pay (WTP) for wolverine Gulo gulo conservation
- 2007
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In: Wildlife Biology. - 0909-6396 .- 1903-220X. ; 13:Suppl. 2, s. 2-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Knowledge about people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation efforts is becoming increasingly important for natural resource management. We used a mail survey with four contacts to 11,418 people, aged 16-65, to investigate how much and why Swedes were willing to pay for wolverine Gulo gulo conservation. With the restricted distribution of European wolverines, Sweden has a key role in their management. We found that Swedes were least likely to support wolverine conservation efforts compared to wolves Canis lupus, lynx Lynx lynx and brown bears Ursus arctos. The amount varied between 965 and 1,233 SEK per person. Of the national representative control group, 47% expressed willingness to pay an average of 1,253 SEK per person. We found that in densely populated urban municipalities with a high proportion of university educated, high female-to-male ratio, positive attitude to the European monetary union (EMU), and a high income, people were more positive towards paying for wolverine conservation. The presence of wolves, but not the presence of any of the other large carnivores, was negatively related to peoples’ WTP for wolverine conservation. This indicates that the presence and related experience of wolves might be the principal driver of people’s perception of all large carnivores, including wolverines.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Kindberg, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Monitoring rare or elusive large mammals using effort-corrected voluntary observers
- 2009
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In: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 142, s. 159-165
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Populations of rare or elusive large mammals are difficult to monitor, because they usually are secretive, solitary, occur at low densities, and have large home ranges. The global trend of generally decreasing large carnivore populations necessitates new, feasible, reliable, and cost-effective monitoring methods. We evaluate an index method developed for monitoring populations of moose (Alces alces) based on voluntarily and systematically collected observations from hunters, corrected for effort, for use in monitoring populations of large carnivores in Sweden. For our evaluation, we used independent estimates of minimum brown bear (Ursus arctos) densities from DNA-based scat surveys and brown bear distribution from mandatory reports from successful bear hunters. We verified that the index correctly reflected bear distribution. We also found strong linear relationships between the indices and the independent density estimates for bears at the scale of local management units (about 1000-2000 km(2)) in all three regional study areas (adjusted R(2) = 0.88-0.60). Our results suggest that systematic, effort-corrected reports of observed animals can be an alternative and accurate monitoring method for the conservation and management of large mammals occurring over large areas when large numbers of willing volunteers are available (effort >30,000 h). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Sjöberg, Kjell, et al.
(author)
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Population and harvest dynamics of Capercaille (Tetrao Urogallus) in Sweden
- 2009
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In: Gospodarka Łowiecka I Ochrona Dzikich Zwierząt Na Pomorzu Gdańskim [Management and Conservation of Wildlife in Eastern Pomeriana - Northern Poland]. - 9788392846000 ; , s. 325-336
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since it has been species,times immemorial the caperca illie has been a valued game species in Sweden, particularly in the north, whereimportant both as food and as an economic resource for the people of the countryside. Today it is still a popular gamenot so much for food, but as game witll a very high recreational valu e. The capercaillie is a wood land grouse mainly associated with old-growth However, forestry method detrimental for tile present the harvestforest, and is in fact, sometimes regarded as an umbrella or indicator species for this type of habitat.the Swedish forests have long been intensively used. At least since the 1950's, clear-cutting has been the dominantand has reduced the acreage of capercai llie habitat. Thus, the present forestry practices might be expected to becapercai llie. However, the capercai llie population is still harvested over most of the country. In this study westati stics of the capercai lli e, based on the game statistics collected by the Swedish Association for Hunting andWildlife Management. The present day harvest statistics are compared to a national breeding bird inventory managed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Furthermore, some data on the breeding success of capercaillie in mainly northern Swedenis included. Even if the game statistics do not perfectly reflect the true population, the overall picture is likely to be closely mirroredand shows us that the population fluctuated in a way which is typical for a small game species in northern boreal regions. Evenwith the huge changes in the forest structure, tree species composition, forest age, and substantial acreages of clear cut areas population ofduring recent times, the annual harvest level of the capercail lie is still around 20,000 birds. However, the autumn pre-harvestof the species differs considerably between southern and northern Sweden. The intensity of harvest in different partsSweden is discussed briefly.
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