| 1. |
- Dale, Björg, et al.
(author)
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Formal and informal care in relation to activities of daily living and self-perceived health among older care-dependent individuals in Norway.
- 2008
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In: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing Limited. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 17:3, s. 194-203
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Research about formal care of older home-dwelling people in the Nordic countries is comprehensive, while research on informal care has been less inclusive.Aim. To describe self-reported activities of daily living and perceived health, and to relate them to amount and types of formal and informal care received by a group of care-dependent, home-dwelling older individuals in Norway.Design and methods. A sample consisting of 242 persons aged 75+ years receiving home nursing services. Data were collected by means of structured interviews with questions about activities of daily living (ADL), amount and types of formal and informal care and demographic variables. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U-test and multiple stepwise regression were used in the analyses.Results. ADL dependency was the only predictor for explaining quantity of home nursing received. Those who received a generous amount of formal care also received a lot of care and support from informal networks. The type of care from the two sources differed. The home nurses performed PADL tasks. While the informal caregivers offered help with IADL tasks.Conclusion. This study of receiving help in this group of older people in Norway shows that formal and informal care resources complement one another.
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| 2. |
- Edvardsson, David, 1973-
(author)
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Atmosphere in care settings : Towards a broader understanding of the phenomenon
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The overall aim of the study is to understand and describe the phenomenon ‘atmosphere in care settings’ as experienced by patients, significant others and health care staff. The study consists of four papers, each of which illuminates various aspects of the phenomenon. Data consisted of observations and interviews with patients, significant others and staff (n=126) within a hospice, a geriatric, a medical and an oncology setting, and community care settings for older people. Narrative analysis, grounded theory, and phenomenological hermeneutics were used in a triangular fashion to analyse the data. The findings illuminate the phenomenon ‘atmosphere in care settings’ as being constituted by two interacting and interwoven dimensions: the physical environment and people’s doing and being in the environment. The physical environment is the first dimension, and five aspects were illuminated, namely the physical environment as a symbol; as containing symbols; as influencing interaction; as facilitating a shift of focus from oneself to the environment, and; as containing scents and sounds influencing experiences of at-homeness or alienation. People’s doing and being in the environment is the other dimension, and five aspects were illuminated, namely the experience (or absence of experience) of a welcoming; of seeing and being seen; of a willingness to serve; of a calm pace; and of safety. It was understood that people’s doing and being influences experiences of the physical environment and that the physical environment influences experiences of people’s doing and being. The comprehensive understanding illuminated that the phenomenon is not merely subtle qualities of the place for care, but an active part of care. Both the physical environment and peoples doing and being conveys messages of caring and uncaring. The atmosphere of a care setting can at best support experiences of at-homeness in relation to oneself, others and the surrounding world.
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